Alopias vulpinus, Thresher : fisheries, gamefish

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Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Thresher
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Alopias vulpinus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alopias vulpinus (Thresher)
Alopias vulpinus
Photo von S. Iglesels et al

US America (contiguous states) territory information

Common names: Common thresher, Common thresher shark, Fox shark
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Occurs in Monterey Bay (Ref. 12091). Has recently become the object of an important pelagic gillnet fishery off southern California. With the rate of decline in the thresher shark population, management measures have been implemented on the U.S. west coast which include: limited entry, seasonal restrictions in gillnet fishery, and a non-fishing zone within 20 nautical miles of shore (Ref. 12451). Also Ref. 6885, 4925, 9987, 26340.
National Checklist:
Territory Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Renard, Zorro, Лисица морская обыкновенная, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (Haie und Rochen) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) > Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped) (See ETYFish); vulpinus: Latin for fox-like (as for genus) (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

seewasser pelagic-oceanic; ozeanodrom (Ref. 87829); tiefenbereich 0 - 650 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 55168). Subtropical; 74°N - 58°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54279)

Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri

Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 6871, 58085). Population considered reduced (R) in the US Atlantic waters; lower risk/conservation dependent (LR/CD) in US Pacific waters; data deficient (DD) in the rest of Atlantic and rest of Pacific (Ref. 12451). Highly migratory species.

Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm 351.0, range 226 - 400 cm
Max length : 573 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 106604); 549.0 cm TL (female); common length : 450 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 348.0 kg (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Alter: 25 Jahre (Ref. 81241)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Afterflossenstacheln: 0. A large thresher with relatively small eyes, curved, narrow-tipped pectoral fins, a narrow-tipped caudal fin, and a conspicuous white patch over the pectoral fin bases (Ref. 5578). Second dorsal origin well behind the rear tip of the pelvic fin (Ref. 559). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like, about as long as or longer than length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but well developed (Ref. 13570). Brown, grey, blue-grey, or blackish on back and underside of snout, lighter on sides and abruptly white below; a white area extends from the abdomen over the pectoral-fin bases; pectoral-, pelvic-, and dorsal fins blackish, white dots sometimes present on pectoral-, pelvic-, and caudal- fin tips (Ref. 13570).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Coastal over continental and insular shelves and epipelagic far from land (Ref. 30573, 43278, 58302). Oceanic although most abundant near land, pelagic at 1-366 m (Ref. 58302). Young often close inshore and in shallow bays (Ref. 5578). Feeds on schooling fishes (including mackerels, bluefishes, clupeids, needlefishes, lancetfishes and lanternfishes), squid, octopi, pelagic crustaceans, and rarely seabirds (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Uses its long caudal fin to bunch up and stun prey (Ref. 2850). Spatial and depth segregation by sex in northwestern Indian Ocean populations (Ref. 247). A few attacks on boats are doubtfully attributed to this species, but it is otherwise apparently harmless to humans, though the size of adults of this species command respect (Ref. 247). May cause damage to fishing gear (Ref. 6885). Valued for its meat, liver, hide, and fins; utilized fresh, dried-salted, smoked, and frozen (Ref. 9987).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on the ova produced by the mother after the yolk sac is absorbed (oophagy) (Ref. 50449), 2 to 4 young in a litter (usually 2) (Ref. 247). Size at birth 114-150 cm (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Hauptreferenz Laden Sie Ihre Referenzen hoch | Referenzen | Koordinator : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Partner

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Verwundbar (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless (Ref. 247)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
FAO - Fischereien: landungen, Artbeschreibung; Publication: search | FishSource | Das Meer um uns herum

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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref. 123201): 11.6 - 28.2, mean 23.3 °C (based on 8352 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00364 - 0.01988), b=2.86 (2.66 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.1; tm=5-7; tmax=19; Fec=2-4).
Prior r = 0.05, 95% CL = 0.03 - 0.07, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (77 of 100). 🛈
Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (62 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 6.93 [1.98, 35.15] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.178, 2.143] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.3, 23.1] %; Omega3 = 0.379 [0.152, 0.923] g/100g; Selenium = 37.8 [10.7, 110.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.78 [1.56, 14.81] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.28 [0.14, 0.52] mg/100g (wet weight);