Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Hippoglossoides: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 51°N - 29°N, 97°E - 90°W (Ref. 54555)
North Pacific: Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea along the western coast of America to Pt. Reyes, central California, USA.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 34.3, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56370); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref. 56370); max. reported age: 27 years (Ref. 55701)
Short description
Morphology | Morphometrics
Found on soft bottom (Ref. 2850). Adults usually below 180 m (Ref. 2850). Feed on clams, worms and crustaceans (Ref. 6885). Taken by shrimp and otter trawls (Ref. 6885).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 5.7 - 11.3, mean 7.6 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00471 - 0.01114), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for species & Subfamily-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=1-3; Fec=72,000; tmax=27).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.37, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.4 [12.6, 47.7] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.193 [0.118, 0.349] mg/100g ; Protein = 17 [16, 18] % ; Omega3 = 0.372 [0.181, 0.735] g/100g ; Selenium = 16.2 [8.0, 34.9] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 16 [4, 59] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.441 [0.295, 0.690] mg/100g (wet weight);