Hippoglossoides elassodon, Flathead sole : fisheries, gamefish

Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880

Flathead sole
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Hippoglossoides elassodon   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hippoglossoides elassodon (Flathead sole)
Hippoglossoides elassodon
Picture by Archipelago Marine Research Ltd.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Hippoglossoides: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 51°N - 29°N, 97°E - 90°W (Ref. 54555)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North Pacific: Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea along the western coast of America to Pt. Reyes, central California, USA.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 34.3, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56370); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref. 56370); max. reported age: 27 years (Ref. 55701)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 75-85; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 55 - 68; Vertebrae: 42 - 46. Dorsal origin over anterior part of upper eye. Caudal with small elongation in center. Pectorals rather large with rounded tips.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found on soft bottom (Ref. 2850). Adults usually below 180 m (Ref. 2850). Feed on clams, worms and crustaceans (Ref. 6885). Taken by shrimp and otter trawls (Ref. 6885).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 November 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 5.7 - 11.3, mean 7.6 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00472 - 0.01111), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (tm=1-3; Fec=72,000; tmax=27).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.37, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 24.4 [12.6, 47.7] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.193 [0.118, 0.349] mg/100g ; Protein = 17 [16, 18] % ; Omega3 = 0.372 [0.181, 0.735] g/100g ; Selenium = 16.2 [8.0, 34.9] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 16 [4, 59] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.441 [0.295, 0.690] mg/100g (wet weight);