Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology: More on author: Bonnaterre.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 53°N - 13°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Probably circumglobal in warm seas.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 520 cm WD male/unsexed; (Ref. 4442); max. published weight: 1.5 t (Ref. 115943)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Larger than M. hypostoma, tail with spine and prickles (Ref. 6902).

An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands (Ref. 6679). Feeds on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6679), by funnelling using their cephalic fins and then trapping or filtering the food through their specialised gill plates (Ref. 115943). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bycatch mortalities have been reported from Mediterranean fisheries - large-scale driftnets, purse seines and trawls, bottom set nets, trammel nets, longlines and even fixed traps for tuna. It is utilized for its meat as protein source (except the head) and gill plates as ingredient in Chinese medicine (Ref. 115943)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 6679, 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)

Endangered (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Fisheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
Occurrences
Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
Food items
Food consumption
Ration

Common names
Synonyms
Metabolism
Predators
Ecotoxicology
Reproduction
Maturity
Spawning
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
Eggs
Egg development

Age/Size
Growth
Length-weight
Length-length
Length-frequencies
Morphometrics
Morphology
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Recruitment
Abundance
BRUVS

References
Aquaculture
Aquaculture profile
Strains
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Allele frequencies
Heritability
Diseases
Processing
Nutrients
Mass conversion

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Pictures
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Sounds
Ciguatera
Speed
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Otoliths
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Tools

Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.1 - 23, mean 15.8 °C (based on 226 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.53 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 9.17 [0.97, 58.85] mg/100g ; Iron = 1.05 [0.19, 3.88] mg/100g ; Protein = 21.2 [18.6, 23.8] % ; Omega3 = 0.213 [0.074, 0.596] g/100g ; Selenium = 30 [8, 113] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 3.74 [0.77, 20.03] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.376 [0.097, 1.346] mg/100g (wet weight);

Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)