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Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Gymnocrotaphus: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, krotaphos = front, head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 80 m (Ref. 3198). Subtropical

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Southeast Atlantic: endemic to South Africa, from the Cape to Durban.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3198)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10. Eyes deep blue; the brown of live specimens fades quickly, leaving orange lines along the scale rows; sometimes with narrow dark crossbars (Ref. 3198).

Occurs mostly in shallow rocky areas, but also found down to 80 m. Flesh excellent.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 December 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 18 - 27.5, mean 25.8 °C (based on 84 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00606 - 0.02615), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Subfamily-BS (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100) .

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): (0 of 100) .

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 76 [40, 148] mg/100g ; Iron = 1.05 [0.54, 1.82] mg/100g ; Protein = 19.8 [19.0, 20.6] % ; Omega3 = 0.391 [0.275, 0.590] g/100g ; Selenium = 31.8 [16.3, 58.5] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.6, 32.7] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.746 [0.476, 1.075] mg/100g (wet weight);

Gymnocrotaphus curvidens Günther, 1859