分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Myliobatidae (Eagle and manta rays)
燕魟科 (Eagle and manta rays)
Etymology: Myliobatis: Greek, mylo = mill + Greek, + Greek, batis,-idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 57911), usually 1 - 10 m. 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 42°S, 97°W - 33°W
Western Atlantic: continental waters from Cape Cod to southeastern Florida (?) in the USA; also southern Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 58839). Reported (but not known for certain) from Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Caribbean islands, and northern South America. Often confused with Myliobatis goodei (Ref. 3173).
西大西洋: 大陸的水域從科德角到佛羅里達東南方 (?) 在美國; 也巴西南部到阿根廷.(參考文獻 58839) 從墨西哥灣, 佛羅里達與加勒比海的島 , 與南美洲北部報告 (但是不知道確實) 。 時常與 Myliobatis goodei 互相混淆。 (參考文獻 3173)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 65.0, range 60 - 70 cm
Max length : 129 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 49746); common length : 70.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Disk broad with long sharply pointed wings and projecting snout. Tail very long, Few middorsal spines on disk in adults (Ref. 7251). Greyish, reddish chocolate or dusky brown above. Lower surface either pure white or whitish. Teeth green (Ref. 6902).
圓盤寬的有長非常尖的翼與突出的吻。 尾部非常長的, 當成魚時的在圓盤上的少數背面中央的棘.(參考文獻 7251) 略灰色的﹐淡紅褐色的或暗褐色的上方。 下表面或全白色或微白色的。 齒綠色.(參考文獻 6902)
Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of traveling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding (Ref. 7251). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
對 10 公尺深時常在沿岸水域中發現, 主要在水淺的河口。 能夠長距離移動, 偶然地從水中跳出來。 在中層水域中游泳。 慢慢地巡遊在底部之上, 當進食，根除二枚貝用它的喙與翼。 (參考文獻 7251) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).西大西洋: 大陸的水域從科德角到佛羅里達東南方 (?) 在美國; 也巴西南部到阿根廷.(參考文獻 58839) 從墨西哥灣, 佛羅里達與加勒比海的島 , 與南美洲北部報告 (但是不知道確實) 。 時常與 Myliobatis goodei 互相混淆。 (參考文獻 3173)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.2 - 28.1, mean 24.2 °C (based on 594 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00123 - 0.01235), b=3.08 (2.82 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=4-8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.7 [3.0, 78.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.619 [0.159, 1.673] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [16.5, 26.6] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.074, 0.765] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [6.7, 60.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.5 [4.4, 24.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.737 [0.363, 1.334] mg/100g (wet weight);
