分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 6790), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 35388). 温带; 66°N - 27°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Morocco, Madeira and Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 6790). Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783).
东大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥，马得拉群岛与加纳利群岛, 包括地中海与黑海.(参考文献 6790) 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 25.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 1.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
Body elongate, length more than 6 times height. Greenish in upper parts, yellowish-white oblique stripes. Small 2-3 spines in front of each eye (Ref. 35388).
细长的身体, 倍高度的长度超过 6。 呈绿色的在上部中, 黄白色斜的斑纹。 在每个眼之前的小 2-3根棘.(参考文献 35388)
On sandy, muddy or gravelly bottoms, from a few meters to about 150 m. Rest on the bottom, often buried with eyes and tip of first dorsal fin exposed (Ref. 9988). At night they swim around freely, even pelagically (Ref. 35388). Feed on small invertebrates and fishes; chiefly nocturnal. Oviparous, eggs and larval stages pelagic (Ref. 4675). There are dark markings along the scales; the anterior dorsal fin is black and contains venomous spines. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be pan-fried, broiled, boiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Spawning takes place in June and August, pelagic eggs are 1 mm (Ref. 35388). Also Ref. 57406.
在沙的﹐泥泞的或多碎石的底部上, 从几公尺到大约 150 公尺。 停留在底部上, 时常埋藏眼睛与第一背鳍的顶端暴露在外.(参考文献 9988) 他们自由地游泳在附近在晚上, 甚至大洋性。 (参考文献 35388) 吃小型无脊椎动物与鱼; 主要夜行。 卵生的，卵与幼鱼时期大洋性。 有深色斑纹沿着鳞片; 前面的背鳍是黑色的而且包含有毒的棘。 生鲜使用与冷冻; 可能是油锅炸的﹐火烤的﹐和煮沸而烧烤的。 (参考文献 9988) 产卵发生于六月与八月, 大洋性的卵是 1 mm.(参考文献 35388) 也參考文獻 57406.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).东大西洋: 挪威到摩洛哥，马得拉群岛与加纳利群岛, 包括地中海与黑海.(参考文献 6790) 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783)
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.7 - 18.7, mean 10.9 °C (based on 780 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00458 - 0.00691), b=3.05 (2.99 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.71 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.9 [20.3, 57.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.36 [0.23, 0.58] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.643 [0.399, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 13.2 [7.3, 25.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.8 [7.7, 74.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.445 [0.328, 0.607] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
