分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Phycidae (Phycid hakes)
褐鱈科 (Phycid hakes)
Etymology: Phycis: Taken from Greek, phykon = seaweed; because of the habits of this fish that lives hidden among them (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 13 - 614 m (Ref. 4517), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 1371). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 13°N, 32°W - 36°E
Northeast Atlantic : Bay of Biscay to Morocco, south to Cape Verde, and including off-lying islands. Also in the Mediterranean and the Azores.
東北大西洋 : 比斯開灣到摩洛哥, 南至維德角, 而且包括外海-橫臥的島。 也在地中海與亞速群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 36.0, range 32 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12382); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 3.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Elongated pelvic-fin rays reaching at most to the origin of the anal fin. Body color is brownish-red dorsally, becoming paler ventrally. Vertical fins distally dark, sometimes with a pale margin.
延長的腹鰭鰭條頂多達到臀鰭起點。 體色是紅褐色的背面, 腹側變成灰白。 垂直的鰭末梢部黑, 有時有灰白的邊緣。
Found on hard and sandy-muddy bottoms near rocks at 100-650 m, but sometimes taken at greater depths (Ref. 1371). Nocturnal, hiding between rocks during the day (Ref. 1371). Feed on small fish and various invertebrates (Ref. 1371).
棲息於了堅硬的與在 100-650 公尺的岩石附近的沙泥底, 但是有時採自了較大的深度.(參考文獻 1371) 夜行的, 藏在白天期間在岩石之間.(參考文獻 1371) 吃小魚與各種不同的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 1371)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東北大西洋 : 比斯開灣到摩洛哥, 南至維德角, 而且包括外海-橫臥的島。 也在地中海與亞速群島。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 February 2015
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.3 - 16.2, mean 14.9 °C (based on 84 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6255 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00523 - 0.00762), b=3.15 (3.09 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37 [17, 84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.74 [0.40, 1.34] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.386 [0.203, 0.736] g/100g; Selenium = 44.8 [21.7, 90.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.9 [4.6, 56.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.586 [0.383, 0.881] mg/100g (wet weight);
