分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses)
海龍目 (Pipefishes and seahorses) >
Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses)
海龍科 (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Hippocampus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 128812). 溫帶; 63°N - 20°N, 32°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles and the Netherlands to Morocco, Canary Islands (Ref. 4509), Madeira, and the Azores, including the Mediterranean (Ref. 89253) and the Black Sea (Ref. 89255).
東大西洋: 不列顛群島到摩洛哥，加納利群島 (參考文獻 4509) ，馬得拉群島 , 與亞速群島包括地中海。 黑海標本可能是一個不同的種。 國際間的買賣被監視過一個授權系統 ( 引用2, 自從 5.15.04 以後) ，而且一個 10 公分的最小大小應用。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 12.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 79902); 18.0 cm OT (female)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 17-20. Description (based on 46 specimens): Adult height: 8.5-18.0cm. Rings: 11 + 37-39 (35-40). Snout length: 2.3-2.8 in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 19-20 (17-20) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16-18. Coronet: small but distinct, with 5 rounded knobs or blunt points; horizontal plate in front of coronet as high as coronet itself, with a more or less prominent spine at its front edge; coronet not joined smoothly to neck. Spines: medium to well-developed with blunt tips. Other distinctive characters: prominent rounded eye spines; often with a mane of thick skin fronds on neck and head. Color pattern: from dark green to brown (Refs. 52034, 89230); prominent white spots on body (often with a dark ring around them) which tend to coalesce into horizontal wavy lines103; may be variously mottled or with pale ‘saddles’ across dorsolateral surface.
描述:(以 46件標本為依據) 成魚的高度: 8.5-18.0 公分。 環: 11+37-39.(35-40) 吻的長度: 2.3-2.8 分之一頭長。 背鰭鰭條: 19-20(17-20)個覆蓋 2+1個環。 胸鰭鰭條: 16-18. 冠: 小的但是明顯的,5 圓形的癤瘤或鈍的點; 在冠之前的水平碟與冠本身一樣高, 在它的前緣具有一個約略突出的棘; 冠不平滑地結合擁抱。 棘: 中等的對發展良好的和鈍的頂端。
其他的顯著特性: 突出的圓形眼棘; 時常在脖子與頭部上具有一個厚皮膚葉的鬃毛。
彩色斑紋: 可變的褐色; 在傾向的身體 (在他們周圍時常具有一個深色的環) 上的突出的白色斑點合併成水平的波浪狀的第 103 行; 可能是各種不同有斑點或者有灰白的橫過背外側的表面的 '鞍狀斑'。
Commonly referred to as Hippocampus ramulosus. Occurs mostly in shallow inshore waters including littoral lagoons (Ref. 9937) among algae and eel grass (Zostera or Posidonia), or among rocks and in gravel bottoms (Ref. 52034). Juveniles were observed to recruit to vegetated habitats at 8.8- 10.4 cm length (Ref. 79902). Adults (from 12.5 cm length) appear to maintain very restricted home ranges (19.9 ± 12.4 m2) over multiple years making limited daily movements. (Ref. 79902). May move to deeper waters during winter (Ref. 53712). Like other seahorse species, adult dispersals over large distances is probably caused by strong wave action and currents during storms or when it anchors itself to floating debris (Ref. 52034). Is thought to live for 4-7 years (Ref. 79902). Because of its early age at maturity, rapid growth rate, short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season, resilience is thought to be high (Ref. 88171). However, in tropical areas where seagrass beds are regularly exploited for other species of seahorses for the aquarium trade, traditional medicine, etc., populations have been quickly eradicated (Ref. 89253). Can be maintained in an aquarium environment if trained to feed on dead animals (Ref. 88171). Length type OT refers to height (= TL - head length), Ref. 30915.
通常被歸屬於 海馬 ramulosus 。 大部份在藻類與鰻草 ( Zostera 或 Posidonia) 之中的沿岸淺水區水域以及海濱的潟湖中生存。 (參考文獻 9937) 產卵從四月到十月。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 205) 雄魚帶卵在一個孵卵袋是在尾部下面發現.(參考文獻 205) 長度類型 OT 參考依據為高度 (= TL- 頭長), 參考文獻 30915.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous. During the mating season, mature males and females have been observed to change hue, i.e., become brighter, when courting (Refs. 52034, 89259). Female deposits her eggs on the brood pouch of the male which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Gestation usually lasts 21 days (Ref. 89322) and brood sizes up to 581 have been reported (Refs. 53712, 79902, 89322). Young are expelled from the pouch measuring 1.5 cm after 3 weeks of incubation. Size at birth ranges from 0.6-1.4 cm length (Ref. 79902). Newly hatched young are planktonic for at least 8 weeks (Ref. 53712). 東大西洋: 不列顛群島到摩洛哥，加納利群島 (參考文獻 4509) ，馬得拉群島 , 與亞速群島包括地中海。 黑海標本可能是一個不同的種。 國際間的買賣被監視過一個授權系統 ( 引用2, 自從 5.15.04 以後) ，而且一個 10 公分的最小大小應用。
Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.3 - 21, mean 18.6 °C (based on 619 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00182 - 0.00548), b=2.93 (2.77 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=581).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.7 [10.3, 150.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.442 [0.173, 1.344] mg/100g; Protein = 3.26 [0.00, 7.03] %; Omega3 = 0.478 [0.213, 1.148] g/100g; Selenium = 6.31 [1.02, 18.72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.6 [5.7, 47.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.803 [0.391, 1.518] mg/100g (wet weight);
