分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 400 m (Ref. 9626), usually 21 - 70 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 38°N - 38°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55253)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda (Anderson, pers. comm.) and North Carolina, USA to southeastern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Most abundant around the Antilles, on the Campeche Bank, off Panama and the northern coast of South America. Lutjanus ambiguus (Poey, 1860), an intergeneric hybrid with Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch) as demonstrated by Loftus (1992: Ref. 33006), followed by McEachran &. Fechhelm (2005: Ref. 78464).
西大西洋: 百慕達群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.) 而且美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西東南方, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626) 最豐富的安地列斯群島的周圍, 在 Campeche 堤岸, 外海的巴拿馬與南美洲的北海岸上。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 23.4, range 16 - 21.5 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 3090)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 12-13; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins short, not reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Back and upper side pink to reddish, with a green tinge and diffused darker vertical bars. The lower sides and belly silvery with a yellow tinge. A series of 8 - 10 horizontal yellow or golden stripes on sides. A diffused black spot mainly above the lateral line and below the anterior portion of the soft dorsal-fin rays.
前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤弱的。 胸鳍短, 不达到肛门高度。 鳞片列背面斜向上升在侧联机面。 背面与上侧面粉红色到淡红的, 具有一个绿色的淡色而且扩散较黑的纵带。 下面的侧边与腹面银色的有一个淡黄的色彩。 一系列的 8- 在侧边上的 10条水平的黄色或金的斑纹。 一个扩散的黑色斑点主要在侧线以下软背鳍鳍条的前部上面。
Adults are found over all types of bottom, but mainly around coral reefs and on vegetated sandy areas. In turbid as well as clear water (Ref. 9710). They often form large aggregations, especially during the breeding season. Feed at night on small fishes, bottom-living crabs, shrimps, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Good food fish, it is marketed fresh.
发现在所有类型的底部上了, 但是主要地珊瑚礁的周围与在长满植物的沙地上。 在浑浊的以及清澈的水域.(参考文献 9710) 时常形成大的群集, 尤其在繁殖季节时。 晚上捕食小鱼，底栖螃蟹，虾，蠕虫，腹足动物与头足类动物。 好食用鱼, 它是生鲜销售。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Often form large aggregations, especially during the breeding season.西大西洋: 百慕達群島 (安德遜， pers. comm.) 而且美國北卡羅萊那州到巴西東南方, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海.(參考文獻 9626) 最豐富的安地列斯群島的周圍, 在 Campeche 堤岸, 外海的巴拿馬與南美洲的北海岸上。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.7 - 27.5, mean 24.7 °C (based on 260 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01361 - 0.01683), b=2.96 (2.94 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.3 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 26
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.26; tm=2; tmax=10).
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.57 - 1.30, Based on 6 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.2 [9.6, 27.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.312 [0.183, 0.527] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.23 [0.14, 0.37] g/100g; Selenium = 43.6 [23.5, 75.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 70.1 [12.9, 318.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.272 [0.198, 0.406] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
