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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gaidropsaridae (Rocklings)
Etymology: Gaidropsarus: Greek, ga, ge = the earth + Greek, ydro = water + Greek psaros = speckled, starling (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 20 - 120 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 64°N - 34°N, 23°W - 27°E
Northeast Atlantic: central Norwegian coast and the Faeroe Islands southwards through the North Sea and around the British Isles to the region around the Straits of Gibraltar. Reported from Iceland (Ref. 12462). Also in the western and northern coasts of the Mediterranean.
東北大西洋: 中央的挪威海岸與法羅群島南方經過北海與不列顛群島到的周圍直布羅陀海峽的周圍區域。 記錄來自冰島了。 (參考文獻 12462) 也在那西方的與地中海的北海岸。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. First dorsal ray followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments. Color is varies from dusky to pale. Fin coloration varies geographically in the Western Atlantic, with southern specimens having more dark blotches than northern ones (Ref. 1371). One barbel on the lower jaw and two on the snout. Large chocolate brown spots on head and body (Ref. 35388).
第一背鰭鰭條跟隨著一列小又肉質的絲狀突起了。 色彩是改變從暗色的到灰白的。 鰭顏色地理地在西大西洋改變, 藉由有的黑色斑塊比北方的一些多的南方的標本。 (參考文獻 1371) 一個觸鬚在下頜上與二在吻部上。 在頭部與身體上的大的褐色斑點.(參考文獻 35388)
Found on rocky bottoms but also on mud, sand and gravel. Feed on shrimps, crabs, isopods, small fish, mollusks and polychaetes (Ref. 1371). Spawn during spring and summer in the Mediterranean. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 1371).
棲息於了岩石底部也捕食泥，沙與碎石。 吃蝦，螃蟹，等足目動物，小魚，軟體動物與多毛類動物。 (參考文獻 1371) 在地中海中產卵於春天與夏天。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東北大西洋: 中央的挪威海岸與法羅群島南方經過北海與不列顛群島到的周圍直布羅陀海峽的周圍區域。 記錄來自冰島了。 (參考文獻 12462) 也在那西方的與地中海的北海岸。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 12.6, mean 9.6 °C (based on 254 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00304 - 0.00790), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.4 [19.9, 94.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.375 [0.191, 0.788] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.7, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.356 [0.177, 0.686] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [9.2, 38.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.64 [1.68, 31.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.497 [0.341, 0.757] mg/100g (wet weight);
