分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Parastromateus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702). 熱帶; 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 東非到日本南部與澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.0, range 22 - 24 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3287)
背棘 (總數): 2 - 6; 背的軟條 (總數): 41-46; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 35 - 40; 脊椎骨: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.
身體縱深而非常扁長形的魚。 側線在尾梗上的發育不良的鱗甲中結束。 腹鰭在超過 9 公分的個體中失去。 色彩是上方褐色的, 下面銀白色的。 背鰭與臀鰭的較前端藍灰色的。 另一個鰭淡黃色的。
Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries (Ref. 1479). Normally form large schools (Ref. 5213). Swim on its side near the surface (Ref. 3197). Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30573). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).
棲息於沿岸區域，底部泥濘的地方。 發現於靠近底部在白天期間了與晚上接近水表面處。 進入河口。 (參考文獻 1479) 通常形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 5213) 游泳在它的旁接近水表面。 (參考文獻 3197) 吃浮游動物。 (參考文獻 30573) 優良的食用魚;(參考文獻 3197) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 可能是乾燥或鹽醃.(參考文獻 5284)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 東非到日本南部與澳洲。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.02118 - 0.03119), b=2.89 (2.83 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.6; Fec=1,692).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 15 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 125 [23, 264] mg/100g; Iron = 0.892 [0.342, 2.262] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.065, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [24.2, 118.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.8 [6.4, 116.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.594 [0.337, 1.944] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
