分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) >
Esocidae (Pikes)
Etymology: Esox: From Greek, isox and also related with the Celtic root, eog, ehawc = salmon (Ref. 45335); niger: niger meaning black (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; pH range: ? - 22.0; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 ? - 6 m (Ref. 39106). 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 46°N - 25°N
North America: Nova Scotia, Canada (introduced) to southern Florida, USA; Gulf coast west to Sabine Lake drainage in Louisiana, USA; Mississippi River basin north to Kentucky and Missouri, USA. Introduced to Lakes Ontario and Erie drainages and elsewhere.
北美洲: 加拿大的新斯科舍省 (引入) 到美國佛羅里達南部; 岸灣在美國路易斯安那州西至薩賓人的湖流域; 密西西比河流域北至肯塔基州與密蘇里，美國。 引進了湖安大略省與伊利湖流域與在別的地方。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 16 - ? cm
Max length : 99.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 41.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 4.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 17-21; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 49 - 54. Body rather slender, somewhat compressed, deepest near middle. Head large, naked, and depressed above, profile slightly concave over snout; snout long, broad, and rounded; mouth large, nearly horizontal; lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to, or slightly beyond anterior margin of pupil. Lateral teeth on lower jaw and vomer enlarged. Cheek and opercle fully scaled. Gill rakers on lateral and media surfaces of arches.
Pigmentation: Greenish above, sometimes very dark, venter pale; scales above with golden luster; laterally with light areas enclosed by dark chain-like markings; dark upper side interrupted by light vertical bars; suborbital bar almost vertical or with slight posterior slant; rays of dorsal, anal, pectorals, and pelvic fins with light interradial membranes, caudal fin base marbled with dark pigment, tips dusky; pupil of eye yellow.
身体相当细长, 略微扁长形的, 深的在中央的附近。 头部大的，裸露的, 与扁平的在上面，轮廓些微地在吻之上凹曲; 吻长的，宽的, 而且圆的; 嘴大的, 几乎水平; 下颌突出的; 上颌骨延伸至, 否则瞳孔的略超过前缘。 在下颌与犁骨上的侧齿增大了。 颊与鳃盖完全覆盖着鳞片。 在侧部与弓的媒体表面上的鳃耙。
颜色： 呈绿色的上方, 有时非常深色的, 腹部灰白的; 鳞片上方有金色的光彩; 侧面地以被深色的像链一样的斑纹隔绝的淡色区域; 深色的上侧面藉着淡纵带中断; 眶下骨横带几乎垂直或有轻微的在后部的倾斜; 背鳍、臀鳍，胸鳍的鳍条, 而且腹鳍有淡色的间辐膜 , 尾鳍基底的大理石花纹深色的, 顶端暗色的; 眼睛的瞳孔黄色。
Live in vegetated lakes, swamps, and backwaters and quiet pools of creeks and small to medium rivers (Ref. 26373). Also found in deep, cold water with little or no vegetation (Ref. 39109, 39108). Adults migrate to deeper water during winter (Ref. 39110, 39097, 39111) undertaking shoreward spawning migrations soon after spring ice disappears (Ref. 39109). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Juveniles tend to lie motionless near shore or burrow themselves in mud beneath debris (Ref. 39112). Larvae hide among vegetation (Ref. 39113). Oviparous, with pelagic eggs.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 205).北美洲: 加拿大的新斯科舍省 (引入) 到美國佛羅里達南部; 岸灣在美國路易斯安那州西至薩賓人的湖流域; 密西西比河流域北至肯塔基州與密蘇里，美國。 引進了湖安大略省與伊利湖流域與在別的地方。
Crossman, E.J., 1996. Taxonomy and distribution. p. 1-11. In J.F. Craig (ed.) Pike biology and exploration. Chapman and Hall, London. 298 p. (Ref. 26373)
人类利用
游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5157 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00259 - 0.00884), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-4; tmax=9; Fec=936).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
