分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
鱈科 (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 200 m (Ref. 1371), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 1371). 溫帶; 72°N - 35°N, 27°W - 42°E
Northeast Atlantic: southeastern Barents Sea and Iceland to Portugal, also in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea and adjacent areas. Rare in the northwestern Mediterranean.
東北大西洋: 東南方的巴倫支海與冰島到葡萄牙, 也在黑海，愛琴海, 亞得里亞海與毗連的區域中。 稀有的在在西北部的地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 28.2, range 28 - 30 cm
Max length : 91.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 35388)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 30-40; 臀鰭軟條: 30 - 35. Body elongate; head small. Chin barbel small or absent. Lateral-line canals on head with pores. Color is variable; yellowish-brown, dark blue or green, sides yellowish grey, white and silvery on belly; often with a small dark blotch at the upper base of the pectoral fin.
細長的身體; 頭部小的。 下巴觸鬚小或不存在。 側線管頭部有孔之上。 色彩是可變的; 土黃色，深藍色或綠色, 側邊黃灰色的﹐白色的與銀色的在腹面上; 時常在胸鰭的上面基底具有一個小的黑色斑塊。
More commonly found from 30 to 100 m, mainly on mud and gravel bottoms, but also on sand and rock. Feed on shrimps, crabs, mollusks, small fish, polychaetes and cephalopods. Migrate to the open sea only after the first year of life. Eggs are pelagic. Larvae and juveniles are associated with jellyfish. Upon maturity, small chin barbel characteristic of juveniles disappear (Ref. 53061). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
通常從 30 到 100 公尺發現, 主要在泥與礫石底部上, 也在沙子與岩石上。 捕食蝦，螃蟹，軟體動物，小魚，多毛類動物與頭足類動物。 只有在第一個年之後迴游到開放海域。 卵是大洋性的。 仔魚與稚魚被伴隨著水母。 在成熟之上，稚魚的小下巴觸鬚特性消失。 (參考文獻 53061) 產卵於一批中。 (參考文獻 51846) 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃, 煙燻與冷凍的; 清蒸, 火烤而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).東北大西洋: 東南方的巴倫支海與冰島到葡萄牙, 也在黑海，愛琴海, 亞得里亞海與毗連的區域中。 稀有的在在西北部的地中海。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 11.9, mean 9.2 °C (based on 409 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00548 - 0.00694), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 (3.3 - 4.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 60
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=1.1-1.6(?); K=0.07-0.74; tm=1-4; tmax=20; Fec>100,000).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 17 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18 [9, 36] mg/100g; Iron = 0.2 [0.1, 0.6] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 1 [0, 2] g/100g; Selenium = 17.8 [8.2, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.0, 48.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.242 [0.129, 0.709] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
