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Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) >
Anguillidae (Freshwater eels)
Etymology: Anguilla: Latin, anguilla, .-ae = eel (Ref. 45335); rostrata: Anguilla, Latin for eel, and rostrata, Latin for beaked or curved (presumably a characteristic of which only Lesueur was aware) (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
นิเวศวิทยา
เกี่ยวกับทะเล,น้ำเค็ม; น้ำจืด; กร่อย สัตว์น้ำหน้าดิน; ปลาที่อพยพจากแหล่งน้ำจืดไปวางไข่ในน้ำเค็ม (Ref. 26938); ระดับความลึก 0 - 464 m (Ref. 57178). Subtropical; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 12468); 66°N - 5°N, 98°W - 21°W
Northwest to western Central Atlantic: Greenland south along the Atlantic coast of Canada and the USA to Panama, and throughout much of the West Indies south to Trinidad.
Length at first maturity / ขนาด / น้ำหนัก / Age
Maturity: Lm 68.5, range 37 - 100 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 26938); 122.0 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL เพศผู้/กระเทย; (Ref. 3242); น้ำหนักสูงสุดที่มีการรายงาน: 7.3 kg (Ref. 4699); อายุสูงสุดที่ได้รายงาน: 43 ปี (Ref. 40922)
เงี่ยงครีบหลัง (รวม): 0; เงี่ยงครีบก้น 0. Head rather long; eyes small and placed well forward on head. Lips thick. Caudal vertebrae without transverse processes. Premaxillae not developed as distinct elements in adults. Frontal bones paired, not grown together. Pectoral girdle with 7 to 9 (up to 11 in the young) radial elements. Adults usually white or light-colored below and brownish to blue-black above, but coloration is variable; young with some yellow on the edges of the dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 30499). Caudal fin rounded, joined to dorsal and anal fins. Gill opening on side in front of lower half of well-developed pectoral fin; lower jaw longer than upper; 103-111 vertebrae (Ref. 26938).
Occurs in streams, rivers, muddy or silt-bottomed lakes (Ref. 5951); usually in permanent streams with continuous flow (Ref. 86798). Hides during the day in undercut banks and in deep pools near logs and boulders (Ref. 86798). Feeds on larvae of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, and Lepidoptera, as well as gastropods, oligochaetes, amphipods, isopods, mysids, and fish from the families Percidae, Cyprinidae, Ictaluridae, Catostomidae and Anguillidae (Ref. 9593). Migrates in autumn to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (Ref. 3242). Sexual maturity occurs approximately in less than10 years and up to 40 years in freshwater (Ref. 57533). Larvae (transparent leptocephali shaped somewhat like a willow leaf) hatch and develop at sea to metamorphose into elvers in nearshore waters and estuaries (Ref. 57533). Adults are caught with eel pots and trot lines. Elvers and glass eels are caught with fine mesh fyke nets and dipnets. Catadromous species. (Ref. 26938). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.
Undertakes migration in autumn to the Sargasso Sea where spawning is said to take place. Coloration changes with sexual maturation. Dorsal surface of the pectorals becomes dark, lateral line becomes prominent, eye diameter increases and visual pigments change, body takes on a silvery bronze coloration. Females are usually larger than males and migrate much farther upstream (Ref. 57533). Adults die after spawning (Ref. 30499).
Spawn at sea but growth occurs in estuaries or freshwater (Ref. 7135). Spawning grounds believed to be between 20° and 30°N and 60°and 75°W (Ref. 40916, 40917).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
การประมง: การค้า; การเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ: การค้า; การตกปลาเป็นกีฬา: ใช่; สถานที่แสดงสัตว์และพืชน้ำ: สถานแสดงสัตว์น้ำของรัฐ
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.5 - 24.3, mean 6.3 °C (based on 323 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00087 (0.00070 - 0.00108), b=3.18 (3.13 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ระดับชั้นอาหาร (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
ความสามารถในการกลับคืนสู่ปกติ (Ref.
120179): ต่ำ, เวลาต่ำสุดที่จะทำให้ประชากรเพิ่มขึ้นเป็น 2 เท่าใช้เวลา 4.5 - 14 ปี (tm=3-6; tmax=43; Fec=5,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.2 [19.9, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.734 [0.430, 1.146] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.8, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.367 [0.197, 0.697] g/100g; Selenium = 56 [29, 105] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.64 [1.82, 42.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.64 [0.46, 0.92] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
