分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.
東大西洋: 挪威與冰島,向南至茅利塔尼亞。 也在地中海中而且沿著黑海的南部海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 42.3, range 20 - 70 cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 35388)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 43-51; 臀鳍软条: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.
口腔与鳃室里面黑色。 第二背鳍与臀鳍凹槽。 第一个脊椎骨与髓棘依附于头盖骨了。 脊椎骨 50-52.
Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).
通常在 70 与 370 公尺深之间发现。 在白天的时候生活于接近底部, 但是离开底部在晚上。 成鱼主要捕食鱼 (小的鳕鱼， 鱼，沙丁鱼，鲱鱼，鳕鱼鱼，沙丁鱼与雪科的种) 与乌贼。 幼鱼吃甲壳动物。 (尤其磷虾与片脚类动物) 生鲜使用, 乾燥或盐腌与冷冻; 能被蒸, 油炸, 微波而且烧烤。 (参考文献 9988) 分枝似乎是被过度渔捞.(参考文献 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799).東大西洋: 挪威與冰島,向南至茅利塔尼亞。 也在地中海中而且沿著黑海的南部海岸。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.9 - 15.4, mean 10.2 °C (based on 672 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00431 - 0.00531), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.0 (7.9 - 10.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 95
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.07-0.3; tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million).
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 16 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.42 [4.50, 24.86] mg/100g; Iron = 0.22 [0.08, 0.52] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.172, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [19.1, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.4, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.246 [0.175, 0.341] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
