Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; স্বাদু পানি; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; এ্যানাড্রমাস (Ref. 51243); গভীরতার পরিসীমা 30 - ? m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 8°C - 25°C (Ref. 47172); 49°N - 27°N, 94°W - 59°W (Ref. 86798)
Western Atlantic: St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada to Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana; south in Florida, USA to St. Johns and Suwannee river drainages.
আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 86798); common length : 120 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 9988); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 57.0 kg (Ref. 2850); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 30 বৎসর (Ref. 1468)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ): 9 - 11; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ): 10-13; পায়ূ কাঁটা 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 7 - 13
Inhabit coastal waters and are commonly found in bays but may enter rivers in the spring to spawn (Ref. 2850). Some populations are landlocked (Ref. 7251). Voracious and opportunistic feeder (Ref. 5951). Larvae feed on zooplankton; juveniles take in small shrimps and other crustaceans, annelid worms, and insects (Ref. 1998, 10294); adults feed on a wide variety of fishes (alewives, herring, smelt, eels, flounders, mummichogs, rock gunnels, sand lance, silver hake and silversides (Ref. 5951)) and invertebrates (squid, crabs, sea worms and amphipods (Ref. 5951)), mainly crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Feeding ceases shortly before spawning (Ref. 1998). Utilized fresh and eaten broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Move into fresh or brackish water to spawn (Ref. 39467). Females spawn more than once in a season, but they don't necessarily spawn every year (Ref. 1998).
Heemstra, P.C., 1995. Moronidae. Lubinas. p. 1289-1292. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9320)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন) : বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1 - 23.5, mean 9.3 °C (based on 22 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5781 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00745 - 0.01169), b=3.06 (2.99 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 4.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (K=0.12; tm=5-7; tmax=30; Fec=14,000).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.43, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.4 [7.1, 30.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.291 [0.146, 0.542] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.5, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.583 [0.331, 1.065] g/100g; Selenium = 16.5 [7.6, 34.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.61 [2.38, 30.88] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.307 [0.217, 0.451] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
