Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - ? m (Ref. 9988). Temperate; 45°N - 25°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to northeastern Florida in USA and eastern Gulf of Mexico; reaches extreme southern Florida during cold winters.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 19.1, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3708); peso máx. publicado: 4.3 kg (Ref. 4699); idade máx. registrada: 20 anos (Ref. 34089)
Commonly found around rock jetties and on rocky bottoms in shallow water. Marketed fresh and eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Also Ref. 32209, 103751.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.8 - 24.9, mean 23.6 °C (based on 244 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00969 - 0.01361), b=3.04 (2.99 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.23-0.46; tmax=20).
Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.3 [5.8, 21.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.206 [0.105, 0.391] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.9, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.401 [0.220, 0.718] g/100g; Selenium = 9.98 [4.95, 22.14] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60 [17, 246] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.270, 0.632] mg/100g (wet weight);
