分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 146 m (Ref. 58018). 亞熱帶的; 38°N - 9°N
Western Atlantic: Virginia, USA and Bahamas to Venezuela.
西大西洋: 美國維吉尼亞與巴哈馬到委內瑞拉。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55642)
背棘 (總數): 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 9; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 5. Snout short and almost equal to orbit diameter; third dorsal spine not elongated (Ref. 13608).
吻短的而且幾乎等於眼窩直徑; 第三個背棘不延長。 (參考文獻 13608)
Have a thick glandular tissue on posterior margin of fin spines which is believed to be venomous (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國維吉尼亞與巴哈馬到委內瑞拉。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
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俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 330 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00629 - 0.01825), b=3.07 (2.92 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
