分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Mugil amarulus Valenciennes, 1936, Mugil kelaartii Günther, 1861, and Mugil longimanus Günther, 1861 are synonyms of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, 1836) according to Eschmeyer (CofF ver Jan. 2013: Ref. 92887).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 26213); 深度上下限 0 - 3 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶
Indo-West Pacific (Ref. 4393), including African east coast river estuaries as far south as Algoa Bay, South Africa (Ref. 52193). Recorded as far inland as Zimbabwe on the Save River (Ref. 52193).
印度-西太平洋: 南至南非。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 15.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52193); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
背棘 (總數): 4 - 5; 背的軟條 (總數): 9-10; 臀棘 2-3; 臀鰭軟條: 9.
色彩呈綠色的-灰色的背面, 側邊銀色的。 第二背鰭與臀鰭有黑色邊緣.(參考文獻 9812) 當嘴巴閉合時被藏著的上頜的後部頂端。 胸鰭 86-97% 的頭長, 延伸到第一背鰭起點下有腋窩的鱗片幾乎一半鰭的長度。 在側線列中的 37-43個鱗片, 鱗片有膜狀的手指狀的後緣。
Occur in shallow coastal waters, including estuaries and backwaters, frequently enters freshwater. Form larger aggregations during spawning which takes place at sea. Young individuals enter tidal rivers. Feed on organic matter contained in sand and mud (Ref. 30573). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Marketed fresh and salted. Decays rapidly, but well liked when fresh.
出現在沿岸淺水區,包括河口與洄水區, 時常進入淡水。 在產卵那一個在海上發生的時候形式較大的群集。 幼魚進入有潮汐漲落的河川。 捕食包覆在沙子與泥中的有機物。 (參考文獻 30573) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.與鹽醃的。 快速地腐敗, 但是新鮮時深受喜愛。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 南至南非。
Thomson, J.M., 1984. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2356 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00996 - 0.01324), b=2.94 (2.90 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.21 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 217 [97, 488] mg/100g; Iron = 1.38 [0.63, 2.91] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.124, 0.558] g/100g; Selenium = 33.3 [15.6, 75.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.9 [4.5, 50.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.87 [1.25, 2.78] mg/100g (wet weight);
