Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 300 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; - 23°S
Eastern Atlantic: off northwestern Africa south to 23°S; also in the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.7 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 107756); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397)
Adults inhabit soft bottoms from the coastline to about 300 m depth, but rarely caught at depths greater than 200 m (Ref. 9537). They feed on small fish and crustaceans (Ref. 231).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Citharidae. p. 1025. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6500)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.8 - 19.5, mean 15.2 °C (based on 256 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00469 - 0.00740), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.26-0.30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (7 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 75.9 [39.8, 172.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.942 [0.441, 1.710] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.3, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.308 [0.137, 0.594] g/100g; Selenium = 31.7 [17.1, 65.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.7 [4.7, 44.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.659 [0.460, 0.937] mg/100g (wet weight);
