分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 36°N - 36°S, 23°E - 175°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to the western Pacific, southward into temperate waters of South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Not known from the Red Sea or Persian Gulf.
印度-西太平洋: 東非到西太平洋, 進入南非，澳洲與紐西蘭的溫帶水域之內的南方。 已知不來自紅海或波斯灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 19.4, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 90102); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 16-18; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Characterized by red-brown head; body mottled pale-brown color; 5-6 irregular dark brown bars on body; caudal fin dark brown with pale speckling; body scales ctenoid except cycloid anterodorsally above lateral line, on nape, thorax and abdomen; body with auxiliary scales only anterodorsally behind zone of small cycloid scales; greatest depth of body; 2.7-3.2 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); body depth contained 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; flat to slightly convex interorbital area, dorsal head profile convex; snout length 4.0-5.0 in HL; angular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at angle; straight upper edge of operculum, almost horizontal; posterior and anterior nostril subequal in size; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye, ventral edge with slight step at distal expansion; 2-3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; pyloric caeca (Ref. 89707).
Sedentary reef-associated species (Ref. 89707). Occurs on coral reefs, areas with rocky substrata, algal flats and seagrass beds. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 30573). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Forms spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). Solitary (Ref 90102).
生活于珊瑚礁, 用岩石底层，海藻平台与海草床的区域。 捕食鱼类与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 30573) 一个雌性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 55367) 产卵群集的表格.(参考文献 55367)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 75.6 cm TL (Ref. 55367).印度-西太平洋: 東非到西太平洋, 進入南非，澳洲與紐西蘭的溫帶水域之內的南方。 已知不來自紅海或波斯灣。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.5 - 28.8, mean 27.2 °C (based on 1542 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00794 - 0.01995), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.1 [7.7, 45.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.27, 1.15] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.115, 0.369] g/100g; Selenium = 19.8 [9.8, 39.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 97.4 [23.4, 395.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.901 [0.594, 1.361] mg/100g (wet weight);
