分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 21°N, 109°E - 134°E (Ref. 189)
Northwest Pacific: Canton north to Ariake Sound, southwestern Japan, including all of Yellow Sea and off western coasts of Korea. Penetrates over 1000 km up the Yangtze River.
西北太平洋: 廣東北至日本西南方的有明海,包括所有黃海與韓國的外海西海岸。 進入超過 1000個公里上游長江。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 24 - 27 cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 189)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 80. Body tapering, belly rounded before pelvic fins, with 16 to 26 + 25 to 36 = 43 to 61 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Maxilla long, reaching to or almost to base of first pectoral fin ray. Pectoral fin with 6 filaments; branched fin rays longer than those of pelvic fin.
身体尖端细的, 腹面圆形的以前腹鳍有 16 到 26+25 到 36=43 到 61个从峡部到肛门的有龙骨的鳞甲。 颚骨长的, 延伸到或几乎到第一个胸鳍鳍条的基底。 胸鳍有 6个丝状突起; 分枝的鳍条长度超过腹鳍的。
Occurs in coastal waters, estuaries and reaching up to middle parts of rivers, apparently able to tolerate freshwater (Ref. 189, 11230). Lives in not really clean water but not really turbid water either (Ref. 12218). Goes to the deep water areas of rivers at night (Ref. 12218). Planktivore (Ref. 12218). Spawns around three times in a lifetime and spawning occurs in between reeds (Ref. 12218). In Ariake Sound, Japan it breeds from May to August, the fishes running about 15 km up the Chikugo River and spawning in freshwater, the spherical eggs floating down and hatching near the river mouth. Its relatively large size makes it a more esteemed food fish than most Coilia. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
出现于沿岸水域, 河口而且向上到河的中央部份, 显然地能容忍淡水.(参考文献 189,11230) 生活在不真的乾净水但不是也的真浑浊的水。 (参考文献 12218) 去河的到深水域区域在晚上。 (参考文献 12218) 浮游生物嗜食者.(参考文献 12218) 产卵在附近三倍于一生中而且产卵在芦苇之间.(参考文献 12218) 在日本的 Ariake Sound ，它繁殖从五月到八月, 游动大约 15 公里的此鱼到达 Chikugo 河而且在淡水产卵, 圆球状的卵漂浮下来而且在河嘴的附近孵化。 它的相当大大小使它成为赞赏食用鱼的更多胜于大多数的 Coilia 。 被用于中药材了。 (参考文献 12166)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西北太平洋: 廣東北至日本西南方的有明海,包括所有黃海與韓國的外海西海岸。 進入超過 1000個公里上游長江。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 March 2017
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.3 - 25.2, mean 17.5 °C (based on 218 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00251 (0.00190 - 0.00332), b=3.07 (3.02 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.35; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
