分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks) >
Orectolobidae (Carpet or nurse sharks)
Etymology: Orectolobus: orektos (Gr.), stretched out; lobus (L.), from lobos (Gr.), rounded projection or protuberance, referring to long nasal barbels of Squalus barbatus (=O. maculatus). (See ETYFish); maculatus: Latin for spotted, referring to large, 0-shaped markings that densely cover dorsal surface. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 248 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 110 m (Ref. 247). 溫帶; 20°S - 40°S, 113°E - 154°E
Eastern Indian Ocean: southern Australia, from Western Australia to southern Queensland. Records from Japan and the South China Sea need to be confirmed.
東印度洋: 澳洲南部, 從澳洲西部到昆士蘭南部。 來自日本與南中國海的紀錄需要被確認。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 320 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 180 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 247)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. Back dark, with light O-shaped markings obscuring darker saddles (Ref. 13577). Caudal fin with its upper lobe hardly elevated above the body axis, with a strong terminal lobe and subterminal notch but no ventral lobe (Ref. 13577).
背面黑的, 有淡色的使较黑的鞍状花纹阴暗的 O 形的斑纹.(参考文献 13577) 尾鳍上叶并不高的上方体轴, 具有一个强韧的端叶与接近端位的凹槽但是没有腹的叶.(参考文献 13577)
Found on the continental shelf, from the intertidal down to at least 110 m (Ref. 247). Commonly on coral and rocky reefs, under piers, and on sand bottom (Ref. 247). May occur in water barely deep enough to cover the fish, and has been observed climbing ridges between tide pools with its back out of water (Ref. 247). Nocturnal (Ref. 247). Feeds on bottom invertebrates (Ref. 247), including crabs, lobsters and octopuses (Ref. 43278), and bony fishes (Ref. 247), like sea bass, scorpionfishes and luderick (Ref. 43278). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 43278, 50449), with up to 37 pups in a litter (Ref. 247). Known to bite people that step on it or put their feet near its mouth, and can and will bite when molested and provoked (Ref. 247). Flesh highly regarded and sometimes utilized for human consumption (Ref. 247). Skin sometimes utilized for leather (Ref. 247). Regarded as pest by lobster fishers (Ref. 247).
栖息于大陆棚了, 从潮间带向下至至少 110 公尺.(参考文献 247) 通常在珊瑚礁与岩礁上, 在码头下面, 与在砂质底部上.(参考文献 247) 可能出现在水几乎够深覆盖鱼, 而且已经被观察在潮池背部离开水面之间的攀缘而登的脊.(参考文献 247) 夜行的.(参考文献 247) 吃底栖无脊椎动物与硬骨鱼类。 (参考文献 247) 卵胎生的 (参考文献 50449), 多达 37个幼胎一胎.(参考文献 247) 已知了咬踩到它的人或者把脚放在它的嘴旁边, 而且可能会咬何时被骚扰激怒.(参考文獻 247) 肉獲高度評價而且有時供人類消費使用。 (參考文獻 247) 皮膚有時被用來做為皮革.(參考文獻 247) 被捕捕龍蝦的漁民認為是有害動物了。 (參考文獻 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). One female had 37. Size at birth about 21 cm. Some anecdotal accounts regarding courtship are given. It is said that males in captivity fight vigorously among themselves while courting females. In the process, females are bitten by males in the gill region and one clasper is inserted. In the wild, the males are attracted to the females by some chemical pheromones possibly released by the latter during the breeding season.東印度洋: 澳洲南部, 從澳洲西部到昆士蘭南部。 來自日本與南中國海的紀錄需要被確認。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 24.4, mean 18 °C (based on 290 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5012 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=37).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 2.26 [0.36, 9.58] mg/100g; Iron = 0.116 [0.027, 0.322] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [17.9, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.093, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [3.3, 39.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.5, 52.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.248 [0.117, 0.533] mg/100g (wet weight);
