分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 800 m (Ref. 106604). 溫帶; 67°N - 27°N, 25°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic (Iceland, southern Norway, Skagerrak and Morocco) and the Mediterranean Sea.
Records as far south to Mauritania and Senegal could not be verified due to lacking descriptions and specimens; most are probably misidentifications of Leucoraja leucosticta.
東大西洋: 冰島 (參考文獻 12462) ，挪威南部，史卡基拉克海域與摩洛哥, 包括地中海西部。 記錄向南遠至茅利塔尼亞與塞內加爾無法確認由於缺乏描述與標本; 大部分是可能是 Leucoraja leucosticta 的誤鑑.
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4426); 117.0 cm TL (female); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4426)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. Snout short, its tip somewhat pronounced; upper surface entirely spinulose, about 8 thorns generally in a complete row around inner margin of eye and a triangle of thorns on nape or shoulder region; underside with prickles only on snout, between gill-slits, along abdomen, and at anterior margins of disc; tail only slightly longer than body; upper surface reddish-brown to dark brown with 4-6 creamy spots on each wing, underside white (Ref. 3167).
吻短, 它的顶端略微明显的; 上表皮长满刺, 大约 8个刺通常在后颈或肩部上的眼与一个刺的三角形的内缘的周围形成完整的一列; 下面有刺的部位只有在鳃缝之间的吻沿着腹部, 而在体盘的前缘; 尾部只些微长度超过身体; 上表皮红褐色的到深褐色的在每个翼上有四个 -6个乳脂色的斑点, 腹面白色的.(参考文献 3167)
Found in offshore shelf waters and on upper slope, mainly around the 100 m line (Ref. 3167). Depth range from 70-275 m (Ref. 03167), and from 463-676 m in eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 8.3-9.2 cm long and 4.6-5.3 cm wide (Ref. 41303, 41251, 41311). Maximum length for female is 117 cm (Ref. 41333).
发现于外海大陆棚水域了与在上层斜坡上, 主要地 100 公尺等深线的周围.(参考文献 3167) 来自 70-275 公尺 (参考文献 03167) 的深度范围, 与从 463-676 公尺在爱奥尼亚的海洋东部中.(参考文献 56504) 捕食各种的底部动物。 (参考文献 3167) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 8.3-9.2 公分长与 4.6-5.3 公分寬的.(參考文獻 41303,41251,41311) 最大的母魚體長是 117 公分。 (參考文獻 41333)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). With no definite egg laying period (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 冰島 (參考文獻 12462) ，挪威南部，史卡基拉克海域與摩洛哥, 包括地中海西部。 記錄向南遠至茅利塔尼亞與塞內加爾無法確認由於缺乏描述與標本; 大部分是可能是 Leucoraja leucosticta 的誤鑑.
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 30 October 2014
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.5 - 14.2, mean 11.3 °C (based on 116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00165 - 0.00438), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.74 [0.63, 82.48] mg/100g; Iron = 0.236 [0.022, 2.817] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [13.8, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.712 [0.315, 1.677] g/100g; Selenium = 17.7 [3.6, 87.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.71 [0.36, 55.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.34 [0.02, 3.76] mg/100g (wet weight);
