Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau; katadromus (ruaya dari air tawar ke laut) (Ref. 51243). Tropical
Western Indian Ocean: Inhambane, Mozambique to Transkei, South Africa; also Madagascar.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4393)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 5; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 8; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 9. Silvery in color, dusky above, sometimes with a golden opercular spot; faint stripes along scale rows; pectoral fins with an axillary spot (Ref. 4393).
Inhabit coastal waters including estuaries (Ref. 5213). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith, 1986. Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
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