Elasmobranchii (Haie und Rochen) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Narkidae (Sleeper rays)
Etymology: More on author: Gray.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser demersal. Tropical; 13°N - 2°N, 92°E - 111°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean and North-West Pacific; Thailand to Vietnam, including Malaysia.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 11.5, range 11 - 12 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9913)
Found in continental waters, both inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913); primarily inshore on soft substrates (Ref. 114953). Probably feeds on small benthic invertebrates. Females reported to produce 4 pups a litter (Ref. 114953). Biology little known (Ref. 9913). Maturity size of males reaches at 8-10 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Other
Nutzung durch Menschen
Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
Mehr Information
Alter/GrößeWachstumLänge-GewichtLänge-LängeLängenhäufigkeitenMorphometrieMorphologieLarvenLarven Pop.Dyn.RekrutierungDichteBRUVS
ReferenzenAquakulturAquakultur ProfilZuchtlinienGenetikElectrophoresesVererbbarkeitKrankheitenVerarbeitungNutrientsMass conversion
PartnerBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LauteCiguateraGeschwindigkeitSchwimmstilKiemenoberflächeOtolithsGehirngrößeSehfähigkeit
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28.4, mean 27.3 °C (based on 365 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
