分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 150 m (Ref. 114953). 熱帶; 24°S - 41°S, 63°W - 55°W (Ref. 114953)
Western South Atlantic: From Rio de Janeiro to Argentina.
西大西洋: 小安地列斯群島到巴西南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 138 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 57911); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6077)
Nostrils are longer, crown is flat transversely or even slightly convex, tubercles in median row are larger, thorn like, numerous. Origin of first dorsal is posterior to the tips of pelvic fins, equal to the base of first dorsal. Upper surface uniform olive gray or chocolate brown, without pale or dark markings. Snout with an oval sooty patch (Ref. 6902).
鼻孔比较长, 冠横着是平坦的或者平坦的些微中凸, 在中央的列的小瘤比较大, 刺例如很多的。 第一背鳍的起源是在腹鳍顶端后面, 等于第一背鳍的基底。 上表皮全橄榄色或褐色, 没有灰白的或深色斑纹。 吻部有一个椭圆形的小黑斑。 (参考文献 6902)
Found from the coast line to the continental edge. Females mature at ca. 90 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes and small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of 4-12 pups (Ref. 114953).
卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).西大西洋: 小安地列斯群島到巴西南部。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.6 - 22.7, mean 15.6 °C (based on 248 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00135 - 0.00588), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=4-12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
