FB-109 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Scombriformes Scombridae Rastrelliger Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) Hasa-hasa Kabalyas Smaach Kanagurta krepa Cavala-curta Cavala-do-Indico Soeklig-makriel Rumahan bini Aguma-a Burao Buraw Burirawan Kabalyason Anduhaw Kapisnon Kort dværgmakrel Indische Makrele Chub mackerel Indian mackerel Indo Pacific mackerel Indo-Pacific mackerel Mackerel Short mackerel Short-bodied mackerel Spotlight mackerel India troopikamakrell Salala salala bitubitu Maquereau trapu Bulao Guma-a Bangadi Sgombro indiano A gurukuma Kam bong Kembong Kembung pelaling Kembung perempuan Pelaling Rumahan Rumahan (Brunei) Temenong Tropjcheskaya skumbriya скумбрия индийская Ga Alumahan Hasa hasa Hasa-hasa Kabalyas Pla lung Pla lung tao san Pla lung toa san Pla thu ปลาทู ปลาลัง ปลาลังตัวสั้น Cá Ba thú Cá bao ma Pla thu Caballa rechoncha Alumahan Andohaw Anduhan Asa-asa Au au Au-au Bair mutin matan boot Bonglay Carabalyas Hasa Indische makreel Karavallas Lumahan Luman Masangi Mawui Salimburaw Tamarong Tongkol 短体羽鳃鲐 短體羽鰓鮐 Rastrelliger brachysomus (Bleeker, 1851) Rastrelliger neglectus (van Kampen, 1907) Rastrellinger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) Rastrilleger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) Scomber brachypomus Bleeker, 1851 Scomber brachysoma Bleeker, 1851 Scomber neglectus van Kampen, 1907 1990-10-17 2024-01-15 Collette, B.B. and C.E. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rabra_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rabra_u2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration An epipelagic, neritic species that tolerates slightly reduced salinities in estuarine habitats and in areas where surface temperature range between 20° and 30°C. It forms schools of equally sized individuals. Batch spawning is believed to extend from March through September. Feeds chiefly on microzooplankton with a high phytoplankton component. Marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried salted and smoked (Ref. 168, 9684). Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-DiagnosticDescr-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle This species is distinguished by the following characters: body very deep, its depth at posterior margin of opercle 3.7-4.3 times in fork length; head equal to or less than body depth; maxilla covered by lacrimal bone but extending nearly to end of lacrimal; gill rakers very long, visible when mouth is opened, 30-48 on lower limb of first gill arch; numerous bristles on longest gill raker, about 150 on one side in specimens of 12.7 cm, 210 in specimens of 16 cm, and 240 at 19 cm fork length; intestine very long, 3.2-3.6 times fork length; snout pointed; swim bladder present; vertebrae 13 + 18 = 31; interpelvic process small and single; anal spine rudimentary. Colour of spinous dorsal fin yellowish with a black edge, pectoral and pelvic fins dusky, other fins yellowish (Ref. 168, 9684). Collette, B.B. 2001 Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). p. 3721-3756. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9684) FB-Morphology-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12; Vertebrae: 31 Collette, B.B. 2001 Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore, bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). p. 3721-3756. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9684) FB-Distribution-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pacific Ocean: Andaman Sea to Thailand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Fiji. Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Uses-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-Migration-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public brachysoma http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription This species tolerates slightly reduced salinities in estuarine habitats. Feeds chiefly on microzooplankton with a high phytoplankton component. Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Size-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 34.5 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 168)); max. reported age: 2 years (Ref. 796) Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) Beverton, R.J.H. and S.J. Holt 1959 A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature, and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics. p. 142-180. In G.E.W. Wolstenholme and M. O'Connor (eds.) CIBA Foundation colloquia on ageing: the lifespan of animals. volume 5. J & A Churchill Ltd, London. (Ref. 796) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-109-600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-14 00:00:00 2002-11-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=109&StockCode=123 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Eyelavera Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-109-602 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-14 00:00:00 2002-11-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=109&StockCode=123 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Kuhnia Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-109-601 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-14 00:00:00 2002-11-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=109&StockCode=123 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Kuhnia Infestation1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Habitat-109 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=109 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 15 - 200 m (Ref. 28016) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) al Sakaff, H. and M. Esseen 1999 Occurrence and distribution of fish species off Yemen (Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea). Naga, ICLARM Q. 22(1):43-47. (Ref. 28016)