FB-12041 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12041 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sciaenidae Austronibea Austronibea oedogenys Trewavas, 1977 Bojownik nadobny Mundrugende kampfisk Breders Maulbrütender Kampffisch Großer Maulbrütender Kampffisch Kriegerischer Kampffisch Forest betta Malayan betta Penang betta Suuhaude-tapluskala Helmitaistelukala Marmoritaistelija Timanttitaistelija 印尼搏魚 印度尼西亚搏鱼 大眼抟鱼 大眼摶魚 好斗搏鱼 好鬥搏魚 Betta anabatoides (non Bleeker, 1851) Betta brederi Myers, 1935 Betta fusca (non Regan, 1910) Betta macrophthalma Regan, 1910 Betta picta (non Valenciennes, 1846) Betta rubra (non Perugia, 1893) Betta taeniata (non Regan, 1910) Betta trifasciata (non Bleeker, 1850) Macropodus pugnax Cantor, 1849 1994-08-06 1997-09-17 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Bd. 3. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 1104 p. (Ref. 2059) Roberts, T.R.0 The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 14:210 p. (Ref. 2091) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Eldredge, L.G.0 Perspectives in aquatic exotic species management in the Pacific islands. Volume I. Introduction of commercially significant aquatic organisms to the Pacific islands. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia, 127 p. (Ref. 6349) Nielsen, J.G.0 Citharidae. In W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W.B. Scott (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; fishing areas 34, 47 (in part). Vol. 2, FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9537) Lim, K.K.P. and P.K.L. Ng0 The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore. 160 p. (Ref. 13061) Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan0 Redescription of the Malaysian fighting fish <i>Betta pugnax</i> (Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of <i>Betta pulchra</i>, new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 44(2):419-434. (Ref. 13220) Kottelat, M. and A.J. Whitten0 Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi: additions and corrections. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 8 p. (Ref. 13275) Lever, C.0 Naturalized fishes of the world. Academic Press, California, USA. 408 p. (Ref. 13364) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Schliewen, U.K.0 Aquarium fish. Barron's Education Series, Incorporated. 159 p. (Ref. 30491) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Kottelat, M.0 Fresh-water fishes of Kampuchea. Hydrobiologia 121:249-279. (Ref. 36654) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng0 The labyrinth fishes (Teleostei: Anabantoidei, Channoidei) of Sumatra, Indonesia. Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):115-138. (Ref. 56386) Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng0 The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus <i>Betta</i>) of Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):43-99. (Ref. 56613) BFAR0 List of ornamental fish species introduced to the Philippines through NAIA. Unpublished. (Ref. 57864) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) von Vilcinskas, A.0 1000 Kala. Sinisukk. 384 p. (Ref. 105474) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-06 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs in small fast flowing forest streams (Ref. 13061). Inhabits mainly overhanging bank vegetation, submerged leaf litter and exposed roots of bank vegetation (Ref. 13220, 56613). Mouth brooder (Ref. 13061). Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan 1996 Redescription of the Malaysian fighting fish <i>Betta pugnax</i> (Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of <i>Betta pulchra</i>, new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 44(2):419-434. (Ref. 13220) FB-DiagnosticDescr-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1997-07-12 00:00:00 2007-12-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats A member of the Betta pugnax species group that can be differentiated from other members by the following combination of characters: presence of chin-bar; absence of dark marks below postorbital stripe on opercle; presence of dorsal transverse bars; caudal transverse bars present only in male; greenish to bluish iridescent scales on opercle and body; red subdistal band and black edge on anal fin; absence of dark edge on caudal fin; anal fin rays 25-28 (mode 26); lateral scales 28-31 (mode 29); postdorsal scales 11-12 (mode 11); pelvic fin length 26.6-43.8% SL; head length 27.5-35.2% SL; inter-orbital width 32.4-53.0% HL (Ref. 56613). Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan 1996 Redescription of the Malaysian fighting fish <i>Betta pugnax</i> (Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of <i>Betta pulchra</i>, new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 44(2):419-434. (Ref. 13220) FB-Morphology-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1997-07-12 00:00:00 2007-12-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0 - 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 10; Anal spines: 1 - 2; Analsoft rays: 24 - 26; Vertebrae: 28 - 31 Tan, H.H. and S.H. Tan 1996 Redescription of the Malaysian fighting fish <i>Betta pugnax</i> (Teleostei: Belontiidae), and description of <i>Betta pulchra</i>, new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool. 44(2):419-434. (Ref. 13220) FB-Distribution-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-06 00:00:00 2007-12-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Asia: Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. Tan, H.H. and P.K.L. Ng 2005 The fighting fishes (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus <i>Betta</i>) of Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Raffles Bull. Zool. Supplement (13):43-99. (Ref. 56613) FB-Uses-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-06 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. Petrovicky, I. 1988 Aquarium fish of the world. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd., London. 499 p. FB-LifeCycle-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-08-06 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12042&StockCode=12368 Spawns in a depression on the substrate. Male broods the eggs in his mouth until hatching (Ref. 13061). Produces a minimum of 100 eggs (Ref. 1672). Lim, K.K.P. and P.K.L. Ng 1990 The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore. 160 p. (Ref. 13061) FB-Size-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-06 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 7.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 137577)) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and … 2022 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12042 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-06 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12042 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 7.1 - 7.6; dH range: 5 - 12