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	<dc:identifier>FB-12057</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12057</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Eupercaria/misc</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Sciaenidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Pachyurus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Pachyurus adspersus Steindachner, 1879</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Corvina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Curvina</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Pescada</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Pescada-cabeça-dura</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Pescadinha</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Ronca</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Guyanan croaker</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Curbinata</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Curvinata</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Morralla</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kubi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Masao</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>福氏多须</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>福氏多鬚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Corvina biloba Cuvier, 1830</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pachyurus nattereri Steindachner, 1863</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Perca fourcroi Lacepède, 1802</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-06</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-11-28</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=12058'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=12058'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7361&amp;speccode=12058'>Begossi, A. and J.C. Garavello0 Notes on the ethnoichthyology of fishermen from the Tocantins River (Brazil). Acta Amazon. 20:341-351. (Ref. 7361)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12202&amp;speccode=12058'>Ferreira, E.J.G., J. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos0 A list of commercial fish species from Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. Naga, ICLARM Q. 19(3):41-44. (Ref. 12202)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=12058'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=12058'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=12058'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=12058'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-86515-117-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35237&amp;speccode=12058'>Keith, P., P.-Y. Le Bail and P. Planquette0 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule I: Batrachoidiformes, Mugiliformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Synbranchiformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(I): 286p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35237)</reference>
	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36888&amp;speccode=12058'>Casatti, L.0 Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers). p. 599-602. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36888)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=12058'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=12058'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-881173-76-3' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51849&amp;speccode=12058'>Lasso, C.A., O.M. Lasso-Alcalá, A. Pombo and M. Smith0 Distribution of fish species among localities during the AquaRAP survey of the Gulf of Paria and Orinoco delta, Venezuela. p. 315-319. In Rapid assessment of the biodeiversity and social aspects of the aquatic ecosystems of the Orinoco delta and the Gulf of Paria, Venezuela. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 37. Conservation International. Washington DC, USA. 360p. (Ref. 51849)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9974-563-18-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54736&amp;speccode=12058'>Nión, H., C. Ríos and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca. (Ref. 54736)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=12058'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59052&amp;speccode=12058'>Alonso, L.E. and H.J. Berrenstein0 A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Coppename River Basin, Suriname. RAP Bull. Of Biol. Assessment 39:114-117. (Ref. 59052)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80860&amp;speccode=12058'>Menezes, N.A., P.A. Buckup, J.L. Figueiredo and R.L. Moura0 Catálogo das espécies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. São Paulo. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 160 pp. (Ref. 80860)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=12058'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=12058'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=12058'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-12058</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1994-08-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-11-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12058</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits estuaries but mainly in streams where it may be found very high beyond major waterfalls.  Preys on fish.  Little is known about its biology but it may form small schools (Ref. 35237).  An important foodfish.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36888&amp;speccode=12058'>Casatti, L. 2003 Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers). p. 599-602. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36888)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-12058</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12058</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>South America:  Amazon and Orinoco River basin, and rivers of the Guianas.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36888&amp;speccode=12058'>Casatti, L. 2003 Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers). p. 599-602. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36888)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-12058</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-11-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12058</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=12058'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=12058'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-12058</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 35237))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='2-86515-117-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35237&amp;speccode=12058'>Keith, P., P.-Y. Le Bail and P. Planquette 2000 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 2, Fascicule I: Batrachoidiformes, Mugiliformes, Beloniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Synbranchiformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes, Tetraodontiformes. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 43(I): 286p. Paris: Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Ref. 35237)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-12058</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-06 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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