FB-12586 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12586 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae Urogymnus Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay, 1883) Trnucha růžová Pink whip ray Pink whipray Fantaasia-astelrai Roosakas nuutrai tina ni vai vai buli Raie fouet Raie grise Raie pastenague grise Pari Pari pucat Fai Fai iu Fai i'u Kraban hin Fai potaka Hai Lila pijlstaartrog Pari minyak Pari tembaga 費氏窄尾魟 费氏窄尾魟 Himantura fai Jordan & Seale, 1906 1994-12-20 2024-05-24 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Wass, R.C.0 An annotated checklist of the fishes of Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781). (Ref. 592) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale0 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens0 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871) Mould, B.0 A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630) Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno0 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson0 Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. (Ref. 11303) Michael, S.W.0 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Homma, K., T. Maruyama, Y. Takeda and H. Ishihara0 A study on the biology of rays occuring in the Pohnpei Island, Caroline Islands. p. 87-107. In Proceedings Fourth Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, 28 Nov.-Dec. 1993. Kasetsart Univ. Bangkok, Thailand. (Ref. 31320) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM). 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(Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) Mourier, J. and S. Planes0 Les requins et raies des îles Australes, espèces emblématiques de la conservation. p. 113-119 Salvat, B.; Bambridge, T.; Tanret, D.; Petit, J. 2015 Environnement marin des îles Australes, Polynésie française. Institut Récifs Coralliens Pacifique, CRIOBE et The Pew Charitable Trusts Polynésie française. Polynésie française, Tahiti, p. 342. (Ref. 108061) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) Anderson, E.S.0 The response of a predatory fish, <i>Ophiodon elongatus</i>, to a marine protected area: variation in diet, catch rates, and size composition. California Polytechnic State University. (Ref. 115074) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Clough, J.M.0 Demersal fish assemblages of South Passage and Blind Strait, Western Australia: a unique subtropical embayment in a World Heritage Property - RAW DATA in excel file.. University of Western Australia, 6 worksheets (Ref. 115274) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) Béarez, P. and L. Bouffandeau0 Fishing for survival: The forgotten slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean). Int J Osteoarchaeol. 29:487-498. (Ref. 137464) FB-pic-12587-2795 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-02-08 2000-03-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 121.90 - 137.2 cm WD; (I.D. Wallace) http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hifai_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hifai_u0.jpg FB-pic-12587-27618 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 2000-09-07 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hifai_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hifai_u1.jpg FB-pic-12587-29388 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2001-05-02 2001-06-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hifai_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hifai_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-05-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Occurs in aggregations over soft bottoms of the inner continental shelf, often near coral reefs (Ref. 9840). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Size at birth at about 55 cm WD (Ref. 6871). Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and molluscs (Ref. 89972). Common catch of the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and, to a lesser extend, longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048). By-catch of prawn trawlers (Ref. 6871). Mould, B. 1994 A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630) FB-DiagnosticDescr-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-05-03 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Uniformly tan to brownish pink dorsally. Inhabits lagoon and seaward sand flats from the intertidal to at least 200 m. Occurs in large aggregations (Ref. 37816). Myers, R.F. 1999 Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p. (Ref. 37816) FB-Distribution-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 Indo-West Pacific: widespread, from South Africa to the central Pacific Islands, north to Japan (Okinawa). Frequently confused with Himantura jenkinsii (Ref. 9840). Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-05-24 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; price category: low; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family FB-LifeCycle-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-05-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12587&StockCode=12932 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at birth ~ 55 cm WD (Ref.58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-03-03 00:00:00 2008-08-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public fai http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Homma, K., T. Maruyama, Y. Takeda and H. Ishihara 1994 A study on the biology of rays occuring in the Pohnpei Island, Caroline Islands. p. 87-107. In Proceedings Fourth Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, 28 Nov.-Dec. 1993. Kasetsart Univ. Bangkok, Thailand. (Ref. 31320) FB-Size-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-05-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 183 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 18.5 kg (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12587 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-12-20 00:00:00 2024-05-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12587 reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 86942) Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez 2011 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942)