FB-13097 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13097 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sciaenidae Johnius Johnius laevis Sasaki & Kailola, 1991 Arraia Arraia cocal Arraia preta Arraia rabo seco Raia Brun flodpigrokke Marmorierter Süßwasserrochen Freshwater stingray Porcupine river stingray Okasselg-jõerai Marmorijokirausku Raie d'eau douce Yabebi Yavebuí Yavevih Chucho de río Chucho pintado raja negra Raya brava Raya Raya negra Autobo Chipali Ibochinado Laraie rivière Liba spari Saipali Sipari Spar Stekelvarkenzoetwaterrog Tiouba Tiouboula Tjoeboela Tounaya Xoub Xouba Yawaiwiy 江魟 Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller & Henle, 1839) Trygon hystrix Müller & Henle, 1839 Trygon hystrix Müller & Henle, 1841 1995-05-12 2008-07-21 Eigenmann, R.S.0 The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the lowlands. Mem. Carneg. Mus. 5:578 p. 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Menni0 Lista comentada de los peces continentales de la Argentina. ProBiota Serie Técnica y Didáctica N° 5, 87p. (Ref. 51923) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193) Nión, H., C. Ríos and P. Meneses0 Peces del Uruguay: Lista sistemática y nombres comunes. Montevideo, DINARA, Infopesca. (Ref. 54736) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Menni, R.C. and L.O. Lucifora0 Condrictios de la Argentina y Uruguay. <i>ProBiota</i>, FCNyM, UNLP, Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina, 11:1-15. (Ref. 58839) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Nomura, H.0 Nomes científicos dos peixes e seus correspondentes nomes vulgares. In H. Nomura (ed.). Dicionário dos peixes do Brasil. 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Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 01/08/2017]. (Ref. 115941) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017]. (Ref. 118484) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Petersen, P.0 Danish names and photos and other species information. Pers. Comm. (Ref. 130676) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) FB-GeneralDescr-13098 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-14 00:00:00 2007-07-25 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13098 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs in marshy zones where it is frequently found partially hidden in the sandy bottom. This behavior, associated with its perfect immobility and its capacity to undergo homochromy, makes it practically undetectable to the eye. Like all species of this family, P. hystrix has a tail which is equipped with one or more spines which fall spontaneously and are replaced 2 or 3 times a year. At a length of 4 to 6 cm, the spine is a barbed, flattened skeletal formation inserted dorsally in the middle portion of the tail. Its structure is similar to that of a tooth and appears as an ivory cone covered with enamel. The spine is coated with an extremely toxic mucus produced by the cells of the skin and inflicts very painful wounds (Ref. 27188). Compagno, L.J.V. 1999 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) FB-Distribution-13098 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-14 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13098 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin. de Carvalho, M.R., N. Lovejoy and R.S. Rosa 2003 Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays). p. 22-28. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36687) FB-Uses-13098 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-14 00:00:00 2007-07-25 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13098 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: public aquariums Ferreira, E.J.G., J. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos 1996 A list of commercial fish species from Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. Naga, ICLARM Q. 19(3):41-44. (Ref. 12202) Newman, L. 1995 Census of fish at the Vancouver aquarium, 1994. Unpublished manuscript. (Ref. 9183) FB-Migration-13098 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-14 00:00:00 2007-07-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13098 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-Size-13098 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-14 00:00:00 2007-07-25 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13098 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 40.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 27188)); max. published weight: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27548) Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail 1997 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188) Ferreira, E.J.G., J.A.S. Zuanon and G.M. dos Santos 1998 Peixes comerciais do médio Amazonas. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. 211p. (Ref. 27548) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-13098-1626 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-12-01 00:00:00 2005-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=13098&StockCode=13411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Echinocephalus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-13098-1514 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-04-07 00:00:00 2005-04-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=13098&StockCode=13411 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Terranova Infection 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Habitat-13098 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1995-05-14 00:00:00 2007-07-25 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13098 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; dH range: 10 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)