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	<dc:identifier>FB-13131</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13131</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Anguilliformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Congridae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Conger</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Conger verreauxi Kaup, 1856</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Dragon's beard fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Japanese lionfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Luna lion fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Poisson scorpion</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Lampurok</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Minokasago</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>쏠배감펭</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Dal'nevostochnaya krylatka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Laaligere</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Laffe volant</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>环纹蓑鲉</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>環紋蓑鮋</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>石狗公</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>龍鬚簑鮋</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>龙须蓑鲉</commonName>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-22</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-30</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=280&amp;speccode=13132'>Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=13132'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5193&amp;speccode=13132'>Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5503&amp;speccode=13132'>Cornic, A.0 Poissons de l'Île Maurice. Editions de l'Océan Indien, Stanley Rose Hill, Ile Maurice. 335 p. (Ref. 5503)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8973&amp;speccode=13132'>Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9070&amp;speccode=13132'>Wantiez, L.0 Les poissons des fonds meubles du lagon Nord et de la Baie de Saint-Vincent de Nouvelle-Calédonie: Description des peuplements, structure et fonctionnement des communautés. Ph.D. Thesis, Université d' Aix-Marseille II, France. (Ref. 9070)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-89356-170-6.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9137&amp;speccode=13132'>Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13603&amp;speccode=13132'>Joannot, P.0 List of fishes in the Noumea aquarium. Unpublished. (Ref. 13603)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26067&amp;speccode=13132'>Smith, A. and P. Dalzell0 Fisheries resources and management investigations in Woleai Atoll, Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 46 p. (Ref. 26067)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=29425&amp;speccode=13132'>Nishikawa, S., M. Honda and A. Wakatsuki0 A comparative study of chromosomes in Japanese fishes. II. Chromosomes of eight species of Scorpaeniformes. J. Shimonoseki Univ. Fish. 25(3):187-191. (Ref. 29425)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30184&amp;speccode=13132'>Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30503&amp;speccode=13132'>Rass, T.S.0 Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.), Moscow: Prosveschenie. 575p. (Ref. 30503)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31075&amp;speccode=13132'>Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok0 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152. (Ref. 31075)</reference>
	<reference isbn='971-8722-02-5.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31411&amp;speccode=13132'>Ganaden, S.R. and F. Lavapie-Gonzales0 Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines. 385 p. (Ref. 31411)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=13132'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=13132'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34370&amp;speccode=13132'>Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=13132'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35508&amp;speccode=13132'>Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36648&amp;speccode=13132'>Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37630&amp;speccode=13132'>Kim, Y.-H., B.S. Jeon and Y.J. Kang0 Seasonal variation in species composition of fish in Suyoung Bay, Korea. J. Korean Fish. Soc. 33(4):320-324. (Ref. 37630)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=13132'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39597&amp;speccode=13132'>Poss, S.G.0 Scorpaenidae. Scorpionfishes (also, lionfishes, rockfishes, stingfishes, stonefishes, and waspfishes). p. 2291-2352. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 39597)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=13132'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43515&amp;speccode=13132'>Shao, K.-T., J.-P. Chen, P.-H. Kao and C.-Y. Wu0 Fish fauna and their geographical distribution along the western coast of Taiwan. Acata Zoologica Taiwanica 4(2):113-140. (Ref. 43515)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43538&amp;speccode=13132'>Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho and P.-L. Lin0 Study on the fish communities from northern and southern waters of Taiwan by analyzing the impingement data. J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 17(2):73-90. (Ref. 43538)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47843&amp;speccode=13132'>Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48445&amp;speccode=13132'>Chen, J.-P., R.-Q. Jan and K.-T. Shao0 Checklist of reef fishes from Taiping Island (Itu Aba Island), Spratly Islands, South China Sea. Pac. Sci. 51(2):143-166. (Ref. 48445)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48635&amp;speccode=13132'>Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50302&amp;speccode=13132'>Wantiez, L., M. Harmelin-Vivien and M. Kulbicki0 Spatial and temporal variation in a soft-bottom fish assemblage in St. Vincent Bay, New Caledonia. Mar. Biol. 125:801-812. (Ref. 50302)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50314&amp;speccode=13132'>Wantiez, L.0 Comparison of fish assemblages sampled by a shrimp trawl and a fish trawl in St. Vincent bay, New Caledonia. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 76(4):759-775. (Ref. 50314)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-01-6879-X' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55073&amp;speccode=13132'>Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=13132'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58534&amp;speccode=13132'>Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=13132'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=77001&amp;speccode=13132'>Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86942&amp;speccode=13132'>Fricke, R., M. Kulbicki and L. Wantiez0 Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4:341-463. (Ref. 86942)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94637&amp;speccode=13132'>Cornish, A.S.0 Fish assemblages associated with shallow, fringing coral communities in sub-tropical Hong Kong: species composition, spatial and temporal patterns. Hong Kong: Pok Fu Lam, University of Hong Kong, PhD Thesis, 300 p. (Ref. 94637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95664&amp;speccode=13132'>Iwamoto, T. and J.E. McCosker0 Deep-water fishes of the 2011 Hearst Philippine biodiversity expedition of the California Academy of Sciences. pp. 263-332. In Williams, G.C. and T.M. Gosliner (eds.) 2014. The Coral Triangle: the 2011 Hearst Philippine biodiversity expedition. California: San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences, 593 p. (Ref. 95664)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101194&amp;speccode=13132'>Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350.  In  Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=121616&amp;speccode=13132'>Wilcox, C.L., H. Motomura, M. Matsunuma and B.W. Bowen0 Phylogeography of lionfishes (&lt;i&gt;Pterois&lt;/i&gt;) indicate taxonomic over splitting and hybrid origin of the invasive &lt;i&gt;Pterois volitans&lt;/i&gt;. J. Heredity, 109(2):162-175. (Ref. 121616)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132372&amp;speccode=13132'>Guo, Z. and N. Bailly0 Length-weight relationships of marine fishes using preserved specimens: a contribution of the UBC Beaty Biodiversity Museum Fish Collection. p. 23-42. In D. Pauly and V. Ruiz-Leotaud (eds). Marine and Freshwater Miscellanea V. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 32(4). Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. (Ref. 132372)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-13132</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-02-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13132</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>On rocky substrates in subtropical waters.  Usually found on open substrates with remote outcrops of reef or soft-bottom substrates at moderate depths (Ref. 48635).  Feeds on fish and crustaceans.  Spines are venomous.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='3-89356-170-6.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9137&amp;speccode=13132'>Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Kristine Santos</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2003-10-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2003-10-29 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:description>Has 13 pectoral rays and maybe confused with P. russellii.  Median fish are almost clear, but become spotted in large adults.  It is best identified by the pale-centered scales on the principal dark bands on the body forming a net-like pattern and V-like markings across the pectoral fin rays (Ref. 48635).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48635&amp;speccode=13132'>Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Indo-Pacific:  Mauritius (Ref. 5503) then from southern Japan southwards.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=13132'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-02-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13603&amp;speccode=13132'>Joannot, P. 1997 List of fishes in the Noumea aquarium. Unpublished. (Ref. 13603)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13603&amp;speccode=13132'>Joannot, P. 1997 List of fishes in the Noumea aquarium. Unpublished. (Ref. 13603)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
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	<dc:source>lunulata</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154).  On rocky substrates in subtropical waters.  Feeds on fish and crustaceans (Ref. 9137).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='3-89356-170-6.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9137&amp;speccode=13132'>Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>35.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=48635&amp;speccode=13132'>Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka 2001 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
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	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-13132</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-05-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-02-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13132</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>reef-associated; marine; depth range 132 - 172 m (Ref. 95664)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95664&amp;speccode=13132'>Iwamoto, T. and J.E. McCosker 2014 Deep-water fishes of the 2011 Hearst Philippine biodiversity expedition of the California Academy of Sciences. pp. 263-332. In Williams, G.C. and T.M. Gosliner (eds.) 2014. The Coral Triangle: the 2011 Hearst Philippine biodiversity expedition. California: San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences, 593 p. (Ref. 95664)</reference></dataObject>
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