FB-1447 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1447 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Oreochromis Oreochromis schwebischi (Sauvage, 1884) Karomo Karomo tilapia Valkopäätilapia Karomo 卡罗口孵非鲫卡羅口孵非鯽 Sarotherodon karoma (Poll, 1948) Sarotherodon karomo (Poll, 1948) Tilapia karomo Poll, 1948 1990-10-17 2024-06-05 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) Lowe-McConnell, R.H.0 Tilapias in fish communities. p. 83-113. In R.S.V. Pullin and R. H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. 432 p. (Ref. 87) Fryer, G. and T.D. Iles0 The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa: their biology and evolution. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburg, U.K. (Ref. 364) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) Poll, M.0 Les genres des poissons d'eau douce de l'Afrique. Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge, série in-8°, Sci. Zool., 54:191 p. (Ref. 3062) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Eccles, D.H.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels0 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) Brichard, P.0 Pierre Brichard's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Tanganyika. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 544 p. (Ref. 6770) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Ufermann, A., R. Allgayer and M. Geerts (eds.)0 Cichlid catalogue (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1840). Vol. 1. Alphabetical catalogue of the cichlid fishes. Mr. Robert Allgayer, 15 rue des Hirondelles, 67350 Dauendorf, France. 1987:i-xv, 439 p. (Ref. 13271) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Schwanck, E.0 Behaviour and colour differences between Oreochromis macrochir and O. mweruensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 5(3):267-280. (Ref. 33478) Fish, G.R.0 The food of tilapia in east Africa. Uganda J. 19:85-89. (Ref. 42252) Bell-Cross, G. and J. Kaoma0 Additions and amendments to the check list of the fishes of Zambia - no. 3. Fish. Res. Bull. Zambia 5:235-244. (Ref. 45439) Varjo, M., L. Koli and H. Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Takahashi, T.0 Systematics of Tanganyikan cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Res. 50:367-382. (Ref. 51168) Poll, M.0 Exploration hydrobiologique du Lac Tanganika (1946-1947). Résultats scientifiques. Volume III, fascicule 5B. Poissons Cichlidae. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles. 619 pp. (Ref. 53528) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Doc. Zool. 14, 406p. (Ref. 54357) Bailey, R.G.0 Fishes of the genus Tilapia (Cichlidae) in Tanzania, with a key for their identification. East Afr. Agric. For. J. 34(2):194-202. (Ref. 54836) De Vos, L., L. Seegers, L. Taverne and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde0 L'ichtyofaune du bassin de la Malagarasi (système du lac Tanganyika): une synthèse de la connaissance actuelle. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 285:117-135. (Ref. 54847) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Révision systématique des espèces congolaises du genre Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sér. In-8°, Sci. Zool., 124:155p. (Ref. 55074) Coulter, G.W.0 The sardine (Ndagaa) fishery on southern Lake Tanganyika, with notes on the introduction of the Chirimila net. J.F.R.O. Ann. Rep. 1960:9-17. (Ref. 55075) Lowe, R.H.0 The breeding behaviour of Tilapia species (Pisces, Cichlidae) in natural waters: observations on T. karomo Poll and T. variabilis Boulenger. Behaviour 9(2-3):140-163. (Ref. 55077) Poll, M.0 Déscriptions de Cichlidae nouveaux recueillis par la mission hydrobiologique Belge au Lac Tanganika (1946-1947). Bull. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. 24(26):1-31. (Ref. 55078) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Lowe, R.H.0 Observations on the biology of Tilapia nilotica Linné in East African waters. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 57(1-2):129-170. (Ref. 59157) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 La distribution géographique des Tilapia au Congo. Bull. Séances Acad. R. Sci. Outre-Mer 9(3):570-605. (Ref. 74387) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner0 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga0 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) FB-pic-1446-13911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-03-21 2010-08-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Orkar_m1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Orkar_m1.gif FB-pic-1446-13912 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-03-21 2001-10-08 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Orkar_m2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Orkar_m2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Males were seen scooping up algal debris from the bottom, and occasionally they moved to the adjacent weed beds and rasp epiphytic algae (Ref. 2). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 2, 118638); males defend territories in shallow water, building a small platform of fine sand in the centre of a small pit (Ref. 118638). Important in swamp fishery (Ref. 4967), and an important component of the fisheries catch in Lakes Sagera and Nyamagoma; potential as an aquaculture species (Ref. 118638). The IUCN status is critically endangered, based on small range, fishing pressure and habitat degradation (Ref. 118638). Excellent to eat; occurs in shallow water; common but localized (Ref. 53528). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2018-10-11 15:49:41 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 Diagnosis: A large bodied Oreochromis, characterised by elongated jaws, projecting forwards to form a long snout, with the tooth-bands meeting in the horizontal plane; broad bands of tricuspid teeth, with long, slender shafts and curved crowns, arranged in broad bands; maxilla with a flange resting on the premaxilla at the curve between its two arms; and dorsal region and flanks dark green/olive, ventral region lighter (Ref. 2, 118638). A tasseled species (Ref. 2). Fins of ripening males dark with orange lappets on the dorsal, female fins plain grey/olive (Ref. 118638). Females and non-breeding males have 3 large blotches on the flanks (Ref. 118638). Fully ripe males are purplish blue with dark spots on the flank scales, a blue-green head, bright blue lips and have blue-white stripes and spots on the dorsal, anal and tail fins; the dorsal and tailfins have broad orange margins, and there is a long, branched orange/red genital tassel (Ref. 118638).Description: mouth and lips large; maxillary not reaching anterior border of eye (Ref. 53528). Premaxillary pedicels (ascending processes) reinforced posteriorly and, asymmetrically, on their lateral faces; jaw teeth movable (Ref. 2). Broad bands of teeth visible when the mouth is closed (Ref. 54836). Blade of lower pharyngeal jaw nearly twice as long as the median length of the toothed area; pharyngeal teeth slender, crowded and movable (Ref. 2). Scales on cheek in 2 or 3 rows (Ref. 2, 53528, 55078). 4-5 scales between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins (Ref. 2). Upper lateral line with 20-21 scales, lower with 11-12 scales; 14 scales between upper lateral line and medioventral line; abdominal and especially thoracic scales relatively small (Ref. 53528, 55078). Lateral line extending for 2 scales on caudal fin base (Ref. 55078). Dorsal fin almost reaching middle of caudal fin in adults and the caudal fin base in juveniles; anal fin reaching as far as dorsal fin; pectoral fin always reaching beyond vent (Ref. 55074). Pelvic fins extending to vent or genital papilla (Ref. 2), but never as far as the pectoral fins (Ref. 55074). Caudal fin finely scaled, except at the border (Ref. 53528, 55078). Genital papilla enlarged, bifid and dendritic in mature fishes of both sexes (Ref. 2), in breeding males up to 10-15cm, with semitransparent filaments and blobs of bright orange tissue (Ref. 2, 55077), but in mature females only about 5mm long (Ref. 2).Colouration: Non-breeding fishes: ground color olive, darker on the upper part of the body by reason of black center to each scale (Ref. 2, 55077). 3-4 large, dark mid-lateral blotches, in preserved fishes often united by a vague band; black spots associated with the openings of the lateralis system of the temporal region, the infraorbital canal and the vertical limb of the preopercular; series of spots or stripes on the dorsal fin; caudal covered with dark spots, often mixed with pale spots (Ref. 2). Spots on caudal fin may become elongated (Ref. 54836). Pectoral fins transparent; pelvic fins blackish (Ref. 55074). Breeding males: in life brilliantly colored, giving a general impression of bright blue and orange (Ref. 2, 55077), the orange coloring the margins of dorsal (Ref. 2, 4967, 54836, 55077) and caudal fins (Ref. 2, 55077), and the long genital papilla (Ref. 2, 54836, 55077). General body color blue-grey with purplish sheen; head blue-green with peacock-blue lips; the broad bands of teeth appearing pink; pectoral fins grey; pelvic fins with blue markings and black leading edge; caudal and soft dorsal with light blue spots and streaks (Ref. 2, 55077). Mature females: less brightly colored, without the orange of the caudal margin (Ref. 2, 55077), but with orange dorsal fin margin (Ref. 2, 4967, 54836, 55077) and below it oblique rows of whitish spots (Ref. 2, 55077). General body color greenish-brown (Ref. 55077). Lips peacock-blue as in male; opercular spot violet (Ref. 2, 55077). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2018-10-11 15:49:41 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 16; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 - 11; Vertebrae: 29 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 Africa: endemic to Malagarasi River basin, Tanzania (Ref. 2, 118630, 118638). Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner 2018 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) FB-Uses-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: likely future use; aquarium: commercial Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1446&StockCode=1548 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 2, 118638); males defend territories in shallow water, building a small platform of fine sand in the centre of a small pit (Ref. 118638). Males construct and maintain a mating platform which is a circular area of fine sand (Ref. 2), usually only about 10-15cm in diameter which is much smaller than the length of the fish (Ref. 55077), surrounded by a low ridge, on the top of a mound about 10 cm high (Ref. 2), but the mound might be 1m in diameter at its base and 30cm high (Ref. 55074, 55077). The plaque of sand is kept very clean, making the nest visible from a considerable distance (Ref. 55077). Little boundary fighting between close neighbours, but males seen to drive away individuals of other species (e.g. Labeo and Clarias as well as other cichlids)(Ref. 2, 55077). Females are seen in the nests at various times throughout the day; the number of times a male spawns appears to be limited by the number of ripe females available; females cruise over the spawning grounds singly or in small shoals (Ref. 55077). Courtship behaviour short and not particularly complex (Ref. 364), including displaying by the male to attract a female, snout shaking (nose wagging) and tassel dragging (Ref. 364, 55077). Female lays a batch of eggs and immediately picks them up while the male drags his tassel over the nest (Ref. 2, 55077), but it remains unclear whether the eggs are fertilised in the water or in the mouth of the female (Ref. 55077). Two, 3 or more batches of eggs may be laid by the same female before she leaves the nest (Ref. 2, 55077), and the larger the female the more numerous the eggs (Ref. 55077). Normal spawning generally takes less than 5 minutes (Ref. 55077). Breeding individuals spend little time feeding (Ref. 2), and males do not leave their territory to feed (Ref. 5507). Young of 11 mm still with large yolk sacs were the largest seen from the mouth of a female (Ref. 55077). Young of 2-6cm remain in schools in the shallows (Ref. 2, 55077). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-TrophicStrategy-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2005-08-11 14:51:10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public karomo http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits rivers and swamps (Ref.4967). Dentition well adapted to rasping epiphytic algae (Ref. 2). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Size-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 28.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4967)) Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1446 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1446 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy benthopelagic; freshwater