FB-1478 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1478 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Dorosomatidae Harengula Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) Sardin Sardynka japonska Sardynka pacyficzna Arinca-do-Cabo Sardina australiana Sardinha Sardinha sul-africana Sardinha-da-África-do-Sul Sardinha-do-Cabo Sardinha-do-reino Sardinopa Sardinopa da Australia Sardinopa da Califórnia Sardinopa-chilena Sardinopa-da-áfrica-do-sul Sardinopa-da-Califórnia Sardinopa-japonesa Sardinops-da-Austrália Pelser Sardyn Suid-Afrikaanse pelser Sardinka africká Sardinka hobsonská Sardinka kalifornská Sardinka modrá Sardinka skvrnitá Sardinka tečkovaná Sardinka tichomořská Stillehavssardin Australische Sardine Chilenische Sardine Japanische Sardine Kalifornische Sardine Pazifische Sardine Südafrikanische Sardine Südamerikanische Sardine Südpazifische Sardine Australian pilchard Bloater Blue pilchard Blue-bait California pilchard California sardine Californian pilchard Chilean pilchard Chilean sardine Japanese pilchard Japanese sardine Mulies Pacific american sardine Pacific sardine Picton herring Pilchard Sardina Sardine Smig South American pilchard Southern African pilchard Spotlined sardine Westralian pilchard Sardinops sagax Australiansardiini Japaninsardiini Kaliforniansardiini Perunsardiini Silmäsardiini Hareng Pilchard de Californie Pilchard de l'Afrique australe Pilchard du Japon Pilchard sudaméricain Pilchard sudamèricain Sardine du Pacifique Sardinops d'Afrique du Sud Sardinops d'Australie Sardinops du Chili Sardinops du Japon Saaw Sardina di California Sardina giapponese Sardina Australiana Sardina del Cile Ma-iwashi Sardinopa Chong-o-ri 정어리 Mohimohi Ivasi Сардина-сардинопс австралийско-новозеландская Сардина-сардинопс дальневосточная Сардина-сардинопс перуанская Сардина-сардинопс южноафриканская Australiensisk Sardin Australisk sardin Californisk Sardin Chilesardin Japansk sardin Kalifornisk sardin Sydafrikansk Sardin Sydamerikansk sardin Japon yilan baligi Сардинопс Pilchard california Pilchard chileña Sardina española Sardina japonesa Sardina Monterey Sardina monterrey Sardina Monterrey Sardina pelada Sardina peruana Sardina sudafricana Sardina sudamericana Sardina Sardina común Sardina de Africa austral Sardina de California Bān diǎn shā nǎo yú Californische pelser Californische sardien Chileense pelser Chileense sardien Japanese pelser Japanse pelser Kalifornijska sardela Sardina sud-africana Yuǎn dōng nĭ shā dīng yú 乐拟沙丁鱼 南美拟沙丁鱼 南美擬沙丁魚 南非拟沙丁鱼 南非擬沙丁魚 樂擬沙丁魚 沙丁鱼 澳洲拟沙丁鱼 澳洲擬沙丁魚 美洲拟沙丁鱼 美洲擬沙丁魚 远东拟沙丁鱼 远东砂璃鱼 遠東擬沙丁魚 遠東砂璃魚 青鳞仔 青鱗仔 鳁仔 Alausa californica Gill, 1862 Alosa musica Girard, 1855 Arengus sagax (Jenyns, 1842) Clupanodon caeruleus (Girard, 1854) Clupea advena Philippi, 1879 Clupea caerulea Mitchill, 1815 Clupea lata Richardson & Gray, 1843 Clupea melanosticta Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 Clupea neopilchardus Steindachner, 1879 Clupea ocellata Pappe, 1853 Clupea sagax Jenyns, 1842 Meletta caerulea Girard, 1854 Sardina caerulea (Mitchill, 1815) Sardina neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879) Sardinops caerulea (Girard, 1854) Sardinops caeruleus (Girard, 1854) Sardinops melanosticta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879) Sardinops ocellata (Pappe, 1853) Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe, 1853) Sardinops sagax caeruleus (Girard, 1854) Sardinops sagax melanosticta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Sardinops sagax musica (Girard, 1855) Sardinops sagax neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879) Sardinops sagax sagax (Jenyns, 1842) Sardinopus melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) 1990-10-17 2022-08-21 Fischer, W. and P.J.P. 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(Ref. 128520) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Mejia-Guarnizo, B.N., A.O. Vargas, F.J. García-Rodríguez, F.R. Elorriaga-Verplancken, F. Valenzuela-Quiñonez, T. Zenteno-Savín, D.A. Murillo-Cisneros and C.J. Hernandez-Camacho0 Temporal dietary shifts in California sea lions at Los Islotes colony, Gulf of California. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 90:104479. (Ref. 137902) Beamish, R.J., G.A. McFarlane and J.R. King0 Migratory patterns of pelagic fishes and possible linkages betweeen open ocean and coastal ecosystems off the Pacific coast of North America. Deep-Sea Research II 52:739-755. (Ref. 138310) FB-pic-1477-10500 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif Robbie N. Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sasag_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sasag_u0.gif FB-pic-1477-11312 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-24 1996-06-24 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sasag_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sasag_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Neritic (Ref. 11230). A coastal species that forms large schools (Ref. 188). Adults occur at temperatures ranging from 16° to 23°C in summer and from 10° to 18°C in winter. They feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans. Young fish feed on zooplankton such as copepod and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Oviparous, with pelagic eggs, and pelagic larvae (Ref. 265). Possibly can live up to 25 years (Ref. 265). In the California region, pilchards make northward migrations early in summer and travel back south again in autumn. With each year of life, the migration becomes farther (Ref. 6885). Marketed fresh, frozen or canned. Utilized mainly for fish meal; but also eaten fried and broiled (Ref. 9988). Main source of landing: NE Pacific: Mexico (Ref. 4931). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2005-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Body cylindrical and elongate; ventral part of operculum with clear cut bony striae radiating downwards; belly rounded with ventral scutes; back blue green; flanks white, with 1 to 3 series of dark spots along the middle (Ref. 55763). The radiating bony striae on the operculum distinguish this species from all other clupeids in the area. The radiating bony striae on the operculum distinguish this fish from all other clupeids in the area. In New Zealand the species appears to grow larger (21.3 cm standard length; cf. 19.7 cm), has slightly larger eggs and a higher mean number of vertebrae (50.52; cf. 49 to 50.08 in various samples) (Ref. 859). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2005-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 21; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 - 23; Vertebrae: 48 - 54 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Indo-Pacific: southern Africa to eastern Pacific (Ref. 27267). Three lineages were confirmed through cluster and parsimony analyses of haplotypic divergences: southern Africa (ocellatus) and Australia (neopilchardus); Chile (sagax) and California (caeruleus); and, Japan (melanostictus) (Ref. 36641). Parrish, J.D., R. Serra and W.S. Grant 1989 The monotypic sardines, <i>Sardina</i> and <i>Sardinops</i>: their taxonomy, distribution, stock structure, and zoogeography. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46:2019-2036. (Ref. 27267) FB-Uses-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases fisheries: highly commercial; bait: usually; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390) FB-Migration-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Beamish, R.J., G.A. McFarlane and J.R. King 2005 Migratory patterns of pelagic fishes and possible linkages betweeen open ocean and coastal ecosystems off the Pacific coast of North America. Deep-Sea Research II 52:739-755. (Ref. 138310) FB-LifeCycle-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1477&StockCode=1670 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous (Ref. 265). In the Gulf of California, some individuals spawn in their first year, but most in their second (Ref. 188).In Australia (as S. neopilchardus), this species breeds in spring and summer in southern part of range, and in summer and autumn in northern part, apparently related to seasonal movement of the limiting 14°C and 21°C isotherms, then autumn to early spring (Ref. 6390). It was believed that individual Australian pilchards only spawn once or twice in a season (Ref. 26422, 26424), but research on related species suggests that they may spawn a number of times (Ref. 6882). Batch fecundities range from about 10,000 eggs in 13 cm long females to about 45,000 eggs in females of about 18 cm (Ref. 26420). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2008-08-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public sagax http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 39.5 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9291)); max. published weight: 486 g (Ref. 6885); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 188) Whitehead, P.J.P. and Y.R. Rodriguez-Sánchez 1995 Clupeidae. Sardinas, sardinetas, machuelos, sábalos, piquitingas. p. 1015-1025. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9291) Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1477-929 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-06-11 00:00:00 2003-06-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1477&StockCode=1670 Pilchard Herpes Virus. Viral diseases Gaughan, D.J. 2002 Disease-translocation across geograhic boundaries must be recognized as a risk even in the absence of disease identification: the case with Australian <i>Sardinops</i>. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 11:113-123. (Ref. 45095) FB-Habitat-1477 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1477 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 138310); marine; depth range 0 - 200 m (Ref. 188) Beamish, R.J., G.A. McFarlane and J.R. King 2005 Migratory patterns of pelagic fishes and possible linkages betweeen open ocean and coastal ecosystems off the Pacific coast of North America. Deep-Sea Research II 52:739-755. (Ref. 138310) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)