FB-15 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Granik krasnoplamy Badejo Badejo-pintado Garoupa-chita Garoupa-pintada Gato Peixe-gato Piragica Pirapiranga Klippekoralbars Butterfish Deady Graysby Grouper Hind Jack Rockhind Rock cod Rock grouper Rock hind Grand gueule Mérou oualioua Vieille Lokos кабра мора Klippgrouper Cabra mora Cabrilla Cabrilla payaso Mero Mero cabrilla Garoupa Gatu Glopim Katvis 岩石斑魚 岩石斑鱼 Cerna adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) Epinephelis adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) Epinephelus ascencionis (Osbeck, 1765) Epinephelus ascensionis (Osbeck, 1765) Epinephelus aspersus (Jenyns, 1840) Epinephelus capreolus (Poey, 1860) Epinephelus impetiginosus (Müller & Troschel, 1848) Perca stellio Walbaum, 1792 Serranus ascensionis (Osbeck, 1765) Serranus aspersus Jenyns, 1840 Serranus capreolus Poey, 1860 Serranus impetiginosus Müller & Troschel, 1848 Serranus luridus Ranzani, 1842 Serranus nigriceps Valenciennes, 1830 Serranus nigriculus (non Valenciennes, 1828) Serranus pixanga Valenciennes, 1828 Serranus varius Bocourt, 1868 Trachinus adscensionis Osbeck, 1765 Trachinus osbeck Lacepède, 1800 1990-10-17 2024-01-15 Thompson, R. and J.L. 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Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 32(8):1372-1392. (Ref. 126208) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-14-5625 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-08-27 2010-10-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epads_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epads_u0.jpg FB-pic-14-10895 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-04-19 1996-05-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epads_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epads_u0.gif FB-pic-14-11171 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-05-23 1996-05-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epads_j0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epads_j0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Inhabits rocky reefs. Usually solitary (Ref. 29). Difficult to approach (Ref. 9710). Juveniles often seen in rockpools (Ref. 86997). Feeds mainly on crabs (67%) and fishes (20%). In the Ascension I., feeds on juvenile Melichthys niger and young sea turtles. Its flesh is of good quality. Marketed fresh. Angling: Like other grouper, rock hind are caught by fishing at the right depth over an irregular bottom (Ref. 84357). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-13 00:00:00 2013-08-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Maxilla without scales. Preopercle with rounded, only slightly enlarged, spines at its angle. Opercle with 3 flat spines, middle one the largest. Pelvic fins shorter than pectorals and shorter than longest dorsal spine. Bases of soft dorsal and anal fins covered with scales and thick skin. 2 or 3 dark saddles along base of dorsal fin and another on top of caudal peduncle. Tan with red spots on head, body and fins, spots becoming larger ventrally (Ref. 26938); characterized further by: body depth less than head length, 2.6-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.1-2.5 in SL; interorbital area flat or slightly concave; preopercle evenly serrate; smooth subopercle and interopercle; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 089707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-12-13 00:00:00 2013-08-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 17; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Silvia Opitz 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2014-08-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda to the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Ascension and St. Helena islands; dubious records from the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and South Africa (Ref. 1496, 1953, 6572) are discussed by Heemstra (Ref. 6512). Also recorded from eastern Atlantic from Sao Tome in the Gulf of Guinea and from the Azores (Portugal) (Ref. 089707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-TrophicStrategy-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2007-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public adscensionis http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabits rocky reefs. Feeds mainly on crabs (67%) and fishes (20%). Typically found in shallow water over a rocky bottom with some surf action (Ref. 33). Carnivore (Ref. 57616). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) FB-Size-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 65.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 118680)); max. published weight: 4,500 g (Ref. 118249); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 118249) Guabiroba, H.C. and J.-C. Joyeux 2018 Length-weight relationships for reef fishes in a southwestern Atlantic tropical oceanic island. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 13(1): 84-87. (Ref. 118680) Nolan, E.T., K.J. Downes, A. Richardson, A. Arkhipkin, P. Brickle, J. Brown, R.J. Mrowicki, Z. Shcherbich, N. Weber and S.B. Weber 2017 Life-history strategies of the rock hind grouper <i>Epinephelus adscensionis</i> at Ascension Island. J. Fish Biol. 91(6):1549-1568. (Ref. 118249) Nolan, E.T., K.J. Downes, A. Richardson, A. Arkhipkin, P. Brickle, J. Brown, R.J. Mrowicki, Z. Shcherbich, N. Weber and S.B. Weber 2017 Life-history strategies of the rock hind grouper <i>Epinephelus adscensionis</i> at Ascension Island. J. Fish Biol. 91(6):1549-1568. (Ref. 118249) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-14 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Silvia Opitz 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14 demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 120 m (Ref. 36484), usually ? - 15 m (Ref. 3589) Willoughby, S., J.D. Neilson and C. Taylor 1999 The depth distribution of exploited reef fish populations off the south and west coasts of Barbados. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish Inst. 45:57-68. (Ref. 36484) Smith, C.L. 1990 Serranidae. p. 695-706. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3589)