FB-15424 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15424 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Arhynchobatidae Insentiraja Insentiraja laxipella (Yearsley & Last, 1992) Bangaii cardinalfish Banggai cardinal fish Banggai cardinalfish 1995-10-19 2018-10-22 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene0 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936) Roberts, C.M., J.P. Hawkins, N. Chapman, V. Clarke, A.V. Morris, R. Miller and A. Richards0 The threatened status of marine species. A Report to the World Conservation Union (IUCN), Species Survival Commission, and Center for Marine Conservation, Washington, D.C, 10 p. (Ref. 27438) Allen, G.R.0 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans, 1933 (Apogonidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 57:142. (Ref. 35396) Marini, F.C.0 My notes and observations on raising and breeding the banggai cardinalfish. J.MaquaCult. 4(4):1-4. (Ref. 35417) Vagelli, A.0 The reproductive biology and early ontogeny of the mouthbrooding Banggai cardinalfish, <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> (Perciformes, Apogonidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 56(1):79-92. (Ref. 35886) Friede, G.0 Die Nachzucht von <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> ist gar nicht so schwer! DATZ 52(1):28-29. (Ref. 36913) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Erdmann, M.V. and A. Vagelli0 Banggai cardinalfish invade Lembeh Strait. Coral Reefs 20(3):252-253. (Ref. 43647) Randall, J.E. and D.G. Fautin0 Fishes other than anemonefishes that associate with sea anemones. Coral Reefs 21:188-190. (Ref. 45560) Brons, R.0 Anatomie einer Korallenfischzuchtstation. Datz 55(7):46-52. (Ref. 47357) Allen, G.R. and M. Adrim0 Coral reef fishes of Indonesia. Zool. Stud. 42(1):1-72. (Ref. 47567) Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka0 Pictorial guide to Indonesian reef fishes. Part 1. Eels- Snappers, Muraenidae - Lutjanidae. Zoonetics, Australia. 1-302. (Ref. 48635) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Moore, A. and S. Ndobe0 Discovery of an introduced Banggai Cardinalfish population in Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coral Reefs, 1 p. (Ref. 87100) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Ndobe, S., Soemarno, E.Y. Herawati, D. Setyohadi, A. Moore, M.L.D. Palomares and D. Pauly0 Life history of Banggai cardinalfish, <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Apogonidae), from Banggai Islands and Palu Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 43(3):237-250. (Ref. 95052) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Mabuchi, K., T.H. Fraser, H. Song, Y. Azuma and M. Nishida0 Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa 3846(2):151-203. (Ref. 96888) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Vagelli, A.A.0 The reproductive biology and embryology of <i>Quinca mirifica</i>, an apogonid with direct development that produces non-functional oocytes. Copeia 107(1):36-60. (Ref. 127593) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Chu, E. and D. Pauly0 The relationship between mean length at maturity and maximum length in coral reef fish. Fishes 9(4)[130]:1-18. (Ref. 131468) Yalindua, F.Y., A. Faricha, P.S. Ibrahim and R. Huwae0 Length-weight relationship of seven Apogonidae species in Lembeh Strait. The 5th International Marine and Fisheries Symposium: IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 10 p. (Ref. 132169) FB-pic-15426-51408 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2009-07-23 2009-07-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ptkau_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ptkau_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1995-10-19 00:00:00 2015-07-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Common around the jetty, in silty sand bottoms with seagrass (Enhalus acoroides). Associated with Diadema setosum, the long-spined sea urchins. Individuals of 2 to 60 hover directly above the urchins, with the younger ones about 2-3 cm SL staying closer to the urchins. The fish retreat among the spines when threatened. Probably feed on small benthic and planktonic crustaceans at night. Male incubates the eggs until hatching; the large egg about 2.5 mm in diameter, with the young remaining within the mouth cavity for undetermined period after hatching (Ref. 9936, 48635). Newly hatched larvae have no planktonic period (Ref. 35886). Juveniles also use anemones for protection (Ref. 45560, 48635). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35417). Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1995 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936) FB-DiagnosticDescr-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 2000-08-08 00:00:00 2013-03-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Description: Characterized by first dorsal fin tasseled; second dorsal fin, long spike-like; caudal fin deeply forked; head and sides with three white-edged black bars; pelvic fins el=enlarged and white-spotted; second dorsal, anal and caudal fin with white-spotted black margins (Ref. 90102). Allen, G.R. 2000 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans, 1933 (Apogonidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 57:142. (Ref. 35396) FB-Morphology-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 2000-08-08 00:00:00 2013-03-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 13 Allen, G.R. 2000 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans, 1933 (Apogonidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 57:142. (Ref. 35396) FB-Distribution-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1995-10-19 00:00:00 2025-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 Western Pacific: Apparently restricted to Banggai Islands, Indonesia. Also found in several small islands off nearby eastern Taliabu Island and Luwuk vicinity (Ref. 90102). Threatened by extinction due to collection for the aquarium trade (Ref. 27438, 35396). Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1995 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936) FB-Uses-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1995-10-19 00:00:00 2015-07-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Allen, G.R. 2000 Threatened fishes of the world: <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans, 1933 (Apogonidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 57:142. (Ref. 35396) FB-LifeCycle-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1995-10-19 00:00:00 2015-07-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=15426&StockCode=14687 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats The male takes the eggs into its mouth where these and the larvae remain until young fish of about 8mm SL are released. Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 240. Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1995 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936) FB-TrophicStrategy-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-01-16 00:00:00 2007-10-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public kauderni http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Common around the jetty, in silty sand bottoms with seagrass (Enhalus acoroides). Groups were seen associated with long-spined Diadema sea urchins (Ref. 54301).Individuals of 2 to 60 hover directly above the urchins, with the younger ones about 2-3 cm SL staying closer to the urchins. The fish retreat among the spines when threatened. Probably feed on small benthic and planktonic crustaceans at night. Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1995 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936) FB-Size-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1995-10-19 00:00:00 2015-07-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 8.6 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 11.3 g Ndobe, S., Soemarno, E.Y. Herawati, D. Setyohadi, A. Moore, M.L.D. Palomares and D. Pauly 2013 Life history of Banggai cardinalfish, <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Apogonidae), from Banggai Islands and Palu Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 43(3):237-250. (Ref. 95052) Ndobe, S., Soemarno, E.Y. Herawati, D. Setyohadi, A. Moore, M.L.D. Palomares and D. Pauly 2013 Life history of Banggai cardinalfish, <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Apogonidae), from Banggai Islands and Palu Bay, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 43(3):237-250. (Ref. 95052) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-15426 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1995-10-19 00:00:00 2015-07-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15426 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 16 m (Ref. 90102), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 9936) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann 2012 Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research. (Ref. 90102) Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene 1995 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) <i>Pterapogon kauderni</i> Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936)