FB-1578 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1578 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Alosidae Alosa Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque, 1820) Puzanek kaspijski صابوغة بحر قَزْوين Placka kaspická Sleděc kaspický Kaspisk stamsild Astrabad shad Caspian shad Enzeli shad Il'men shad Shad Pusanok Alose Alose de la mer Caspienne Alose de la mer Noire Astrabadskii puzanok Azovskii puzanok Enzeliiskii puzanok Il'mennyi puzanok Kaspiiskii puzanok Kaspiisko puzanok Puzanok пузанок астрабадский пузанок энзелийский сельдь астрабадская Hazer ringasi Tirsi Sábalo del Mar Caspio Sábalo del Mar Negro Rizeafcă Thritsa Σαρδελομάνα Κασπίας شاه ماهي 裡海西鯡 里海西鲱 Alosa alosa bulgarica Drensky, 1934 Alosa bulgarica (non Drensky, 1934) Alosa caspia caspia (Eichwald, 1838) Alosa caspia knipowitschi (Iljin, 1927) Alosa caspia persica (Iljin, 1927) Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838) Caspialosa caspia aestuarina Berg, 1932 Caspialosa caspia kaidakensis Kazancheev, 1936 Caspialosa caspia knipowitschi (Iljin, 1927) Caspialosa caspia knipowitschi saraica Berg, 1948 Caspialosa caspia persica Iljin, 1927 Caspialosa caspia salina Svetovidov, 1936 Caspialosa knipowitschi Iljin, 1927 Caspialosa tanaica palaeostomi Sadowsky, 1934 Clupea caspia Eichwald, 1838 1990-10-17 2015-07-13 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Whitehead, P.J.P.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Berg, L.S.0 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593) Blanc, M., J.-L. Gaudet, P. Banarescu and J.-C. Hureau0 European inland water fish. A multilingual catalogue. Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London. 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(Ref. 6683) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Economidis, P.S. and A.I. Sinis0 <i>Alosa macedonica</i> (Vinciguerra 1921). p. 297-308. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10545) Pushbarnek, E.B.0 Characterization of the state of the spawning population of the Caspian shad <i>Alosa caspia caspia</i> off Dagestan in 1980-1984. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 27(4):593-597. (in Russian with English summary). (Ref. 10549) Heckman, C.W.0 <i>Alosa caspia caspia</i> (Eichwald 1838). p. 135-146. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10550) Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696) Balon, E.K.0 Reproductive guilds of fishes: a proposal and definition. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32(6):821-864. (Ref. 26281) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov0 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. (Ref. 26334) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. 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(Ref. 56616) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Volga River Drainage Area. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58297) Fricke, R., M. Bilecenoglu and H.M. Sari0 Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostoma and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Sea A (706):1-172. (Ref. 58342) Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. 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(Ref. 104772) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Çiçek, E., R. Fricke and S.S. Birecikligil0 Freshwater fishes of Turkey: a revised and updated annotated checklist. Biharean Biologist 9(2):141-157. (Ref. 106151) Mousavi-Sabet, H., A. Heidari and S. Paknejad0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of the genus <i>Alosa</i> (Clupeoidei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) along the southern Caspian Sea coast. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 32:129-130. (Ref. 108867) Ghotbi-Jokandan, S.R., M.S. Alavi-Yeganch and S. Jamshidi0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of four <i>Alosa</i> species along the southern Caspian Sea coast. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31:814-815. (Ref. 111344) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard0 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-pic-1577-11393 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-27 2010-07-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alcas_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alcas_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Schooling and migratory (Ref. 188); at sea, pelagic in coastal waters with steady current and avoids areas with stable salinity; migrates from sea to mouth of large rives and spawns in fresh- or slightly brackish-water at shallow sites washed by flow of large rivers. Males migrate upriver at 2-3 years, females at 4-5; many individuals reproduce 2-4 seasons. Two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males), one in early May (mostly females), entering rivers when temperature rises above 10°C. Spawns when temperature is at least 15°C, in May to June. Spawning usually occurs in the upper 3 m. Eggs semi-pelagic and demersal. Spent fish migrate back to the sea; juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining there until they mature. Feeds mainly on zooplankton (copepods and mysids) when at sea (Ref. 59043). Depending on the subspecies (10 subspecies known), some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters. One of the most warm-loving Alosa of the Caspian. Only A. a. caspia of the Caspian Sea is of commercial importance (Ref. 188). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Body `shad-like', usually rather deep and compressed. Total gill rakers 50 to 180, long and thin, distinctly longer than filaments. Teeth poorly developed in jaws, sometimes barely detectable. A black spot posterior to gill opening and occasionally further black spots on flank in some cases. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 1994-09-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Uses-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; price category: low; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) FB-Migration-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-LifeCycle-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1577&StockCode=1770 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Depending on the subspecies some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters (Ref.188).There are two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males) and one in early May (mostly females). Spent fish migrate back to sea. Juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining at sea until they mature (Ref. 59043). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-23 00:00:00 2004-09-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ caspia Schooling and migratory. Occurs chiefly in brackishwater, but enters freshwaters to spawn. Depending on the subspecies, some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters. One of the most warm-loving Alosa of the Caspian. Feeds on plankton. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 32.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 593)); max. published weight: 250 g (Ref. 593); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 10549) Berg, L.S. 1962 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593) Berg, L.S. 1962 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593) Pushbarnek, E.B. 1987 Characterization of the state of the spawning population of the Caspian shad <i>Alosa caspia caspia</i> off Dagestan in 1980-1984. Vopr. Ikhtiol. 27(4):593-597. (in Russian with English summary). (Ref. 10549) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1577 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 138126); freshwater; brackish; marine Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126)