FB-2058 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Dipturus Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758) Glattrokke Glattskate Storskate Raja gladka Arrai Raia Raia oirega Raia-oirega Raje pendzezë Raxha me turi Raxha skijatore Razza bavosa Razza liscia Cath fôr Morgath Skade Gemeiner Rochen Glattroche Glattrochen Grauer Rochen Blue grey skate Blue skate Common skate Flapper skate Gray skate Grey skate Skate Sile tiibrai Silerai Skøta Silorausku Flotte Pocheteau Pocheteau blanc Pocheteau gris Pochette Scarrag Volina Skata Razza bavosa Razza cappuccina Razza comune Rebekkin skur Raja tar-ramel Rebekkin Rebekkin geddumu qasir Rebekkin skur Gladkiy skat Raza velika Volina Slätrocka Kocaburun vatoz Kocaburunvatoz balığı Vatoz Скат Noriega Raya noruega An sciata Caputxa Grizovatos Kljunata raža Sélahi-vathí Vleet Vulpe neagra Βατί Βάτος Γκριζόβατος Ράγια Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι 灰鰩 灰鳐 Batis vulgaris Couch, 1862 Propterygia hyposticta Otto, 1821 Raia batis Linnaeus, 1758 Raia flossada Risso, 1827 Raia gaimardi Gaimard, 1851 Raia macrorynchus Rafinesque, 1810 Raja batis Linnaeus, 1758 Raja flossada Risso, 1827 Raja macrorhynchus Rafinesque, 1810 Raja macrorynchus Rafinesque, 1810 1991-01-18 2022-09-06 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 137887) FB-pic-2058-18783 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-20 1999-10-15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Dibat_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Dibat_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 Benthic species in shelf and slope waters, mainly within the 200 m range along the continental shelf, but down to 600 m along continental slopes and seamounts (Ref. 127222). Feeds on all kinds of bottom invertebrates and fish, including other skates (Ref. 114953). Oviparous, with long embryonic development. Males reach maturity at ca. 115 cm TL, females at 123 cm TL; birth size at ca. 21 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Biology may be unclear due to past taxonomic confusion Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Mate in spring and the egg capsules are laid during the summer. Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.6-24.5 cm long and 5.0-14.5 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 40 eggs per individual are laid annually (Ref. 41250). Flesh is marketed fresh or smoked (Ref. 35388). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 This species is characterized by the following: snout broadly angular, length 5-6.3 times orbit length; disc broadly rhombic, anterior margin deeply concave; a row of 12-31 predorsal thorns in median row along tail (disc smooth in young; denticles confined to dorsal head and along anterior disc margin on both surfaces in adults; disc thorns small in young, largely absent in adults); lateral thorns on tail perpendicular to body axis; interspace between dorsal fins 1.2 ± 0.4 TL, the fins rounded, upright, near tail tip; upper surface olive-grey or brown with a variable pattern of light blotches, with yellowish ring-like markings; underside greyish; iris yellowish (Ref. 114953, 127223). Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Morphology-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Gert Boden 2001-07-12 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Distribution-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2025-09-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Northeast Atlantic from Iceland and Scandinavia to the Bay of Biscay, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, and coasts of northwest Europe, up to the Scandinavian Peninsula and into the Skagerrak and Kattegat. Ellis, J.R., S.R. McCully-Phillips, D. Sims, D. Derrick, J. Cheok and N.K. Dulvy 2024 <i>Dipturus batis</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T203364219A256580832. (Ref. 137887) FB-Uses-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-LifeCycle-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2058&StockCode=2253 Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg-cases laid in spring and summer, very large (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Size-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 285 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 35388)); max. published weight: 113.0 kg (Ref. 114424); max. reported age: 51 years (Ref. 4483) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Griffiths, A.M., D.W. Sims, S.P. Cotterell, Nagar, A. El, J.R. Ellis, A. Lynghammar, M. McHugh, F.C. Neat, N.G. Pade, N. Queiroz, Br Serra-Pereira, T. Rapp, V.J. Wearmouth and M.J. Genner 2010 Molecular markers reveal spatially segregated cryptic species in a critically endangered fish; the common skate (<i>Dipturus batis</i>). Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 277:1497-1503. (Ref. 114424) Du Buit, M.H. 1977 Âge et croissance de <i>Raja batis</i> et de <i>Raja naevus</i> en Mer Celtique. J. Cons. CIEM 37(3):261-265. (Ref. 4483) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2058 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2022-09-06 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2058 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; marine; depth range 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 4426), usually 30 - 600 m (Ref. 127222) Stehmann, M. 1990 Rajidae. p. 29-50. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Junta Nacional de Investigaçao Cientifica e Tecnológica, Lisbon, Portugal. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4426) Frost, M., F.C. Neat, D. Stirling, V. Bendall, L.R. Noble and C.S. Jones 2020 Distribution and thermal niche of the common skate species complex in the North-East Atlantic. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 656:65-74. (Ref. 127222)