<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><response xmlns="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1"
	xmlns:xsd="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
	xmlns:dc="https://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:dcterms="https://purl.org/dc/terms/"
	xmlns:geo="https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
	xmlns:dwc="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/dwcore/"
	xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.eol.org/transfer/content/0.1 http://services.eol.org/schema/content_0_2.xsd">
<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Clariidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Clarias</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Clarias laeviceps Gill, 1862</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Mudfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ee'>Ndede</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Denor</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>光首胡鲶</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>光首鬍鯰</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>迪亚光首胡鲶</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>迪亞光首鬍鯰</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarias carsonii (non Boulenger, 1903)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Clarias dialonensis Daget, 1962</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarias dumerilii (non Steindachner, 1866)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Clarias kingsleyae Günther, 1903</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Clarias laeviceps dialonensis Daget, 1962</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Clarias laeviceps laeviceps Gill, 1862</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarias pietschmanni (non Güntert, 1938)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarias salae (non Hubrecht, 1881)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarias submarginatus (non Peters, 1882)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Clarias vandenhoutei Poll, 1941</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Clarias walkeri (non Günther, 1896)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-15</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=248&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G.0 A systematic revision of the African species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Clarias&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=272&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and K. Traoré0 État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237. (Ref. 272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3820&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G.0 Clariidae. p. 66-101. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3820)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=2108'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7357&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G.0 Clariidae. p. 468-495. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy, and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest Tome 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, France, 902. (Ref. 7357)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=2108'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13331&amp;speccode=2108'>Paugy, D., K. Traoré and P.S. Diouf0 Faune ichtyologique des eaux douces d'Afrique de l'Ouest. p.35-66. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 275:177 p. (Ref. 13331)</reference>
	<reference isbn='9075894252' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30488&amp;speccode=2108'>Dankwa, H.R., E.K. Abban and G.G. Teugels0 Freshwater fishes of Ghana: identification, distribution, ecological and economic importance. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool. 283:53 p. (Ref. 30488)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30498&amp;speccode=2108'>Titiati, E.K.0 Some common names of fresh-water fishes of Ghana in Latin, English, Ewe and Ga-adangbe. Manuscript Fisheries Dept., Volta Lake Research Project, 5 p. (Ref. 30498)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=2108'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=2108'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=2108'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=2108'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=2108'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43268&amp;speccode=2108'>Stiassny, M.L.J.0 Report on a small collection of fishes from the Wologizi Mountains of Liberia, West Africa, with a description of two new species of &lt;i&gt;Barbus&lt;/i&gt; (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3015:1-9. (Ref. 43268)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57129&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G.0 Clariidae. p. 144-173 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57129)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=2108'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-3-936027-83-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=78218&amp;speccode=2108'>Seegers, L.0 The catfishes of Africa: A handbook for identification and maintenance. Aqualog Verlag A.C.S. GmbH, Germany. 604 p. (Ref. 78218)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Nothing is known regarding the biology of this species (Ref. 78218). Max. reported size of C. laeviceps laeviceps and C. laeviceps dialonensis is 317mm TL and 257mm TL respectively (Ref. 57129)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=248&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G. 1986 A systematic revision of the African species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Clarias&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-03-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-02-24 19:02:35</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Diagnosis: body very elongate, its depth 9.1-13.6% SL (m = 12.0)(Ref. 57129). Head short and broad (Ref. 248, 571429), oval-shaped dorsally (Ref. 248), its length 17.8-22.7% SL (m=21.1), its width 13.4-17.0% SL (m=16.0)(Ref. 57129). Snout broadly rounded; eyes more laterally placed (Ref. 248). Interorbital distance large, 44.7-54.8% HL (m = 49.5)(Ref. 57129). Tooth plates broad (Ref. 248, 57129), width of premaxillary plate 31.8-41.3% HL, width of vomerine plate 25.6-35.0% HL (Ref. 57129). Frontal fontanelle intermediate between "knife-shaped" and "sole-shaped"; occipital fontanelle rather long and oval shaped; supraorbital and "dermosphenotic" bones become joined in specimens between 80 and 100 mm TL (Ref. 248). Dorsal and anal fins very long (63.2-72.0% and 49.7-57.6% SL respectively) (Ref. 57129). Gill rakers small, slender and distantly set; suprabranchial organ partially fills chamber; pectoral spine rather thin and slightly curved (Ref. 248).Coloration: no information on colour in life (Ref. 57129). Preserved specimens: 2 types of colouration: one uniform, with back and sides blackish-brown and belly beige; and a marbled pattern with light spots against a dark background on back and sides, and pale brown on belly (Ref. 57129). Caudal fin with dark vertical bar occupying 2/3 of its base, dividing it in a dark anterior and a light posterior part (Ref. 57129).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=248&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G. 1986 A systematic revision of the African species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Clarias&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-03-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-02-24 19:02:35</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 74 - 93; Anal spines: 0; Analsoft rays: 60 - 75; Vertebrae: 65 - 69</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=248&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G. 1986 A systematic revision of the African species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Clarias&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-02-24 20:02:17</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Africa:  C. laeviceps laeviceps: river St. John in Liberia to the Volta in Ghana; also found in the upper Niger in Guinea (Ref. 57129). Possibly also in the St. Paul River (Ref. 248, 13331). C. laeviceps dialonensis: rivers coming out of the Fouta Djalon (Konkouré, Kolenté), the upper Senegal River in Guinea and coastal basins in Sierra Leone; endemic to that region (Ref. 57129).</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=248&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G. 1986 A systematic revision of the African species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Clarias&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>31.7 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57129))</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57129&amp;speccode=2108'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Clariidae. p. 144-173 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57129)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-2108</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
	<mimeType>text/html</mimeType>
	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-02-15 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2108</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location></dataObject>
</taxon>
</response>