FB-219 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Carangiformes Istiophoridae Kajikia Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) Hvit marlin Marlin bialy Agulha Agulhão Agulhão branca Agulhão branco Agulhão-branco Agulhão-negro Agulhão-prata Agulhão-roliço Atum Bicuda Espadarte meca Espadarte-branco Espadarte-meca Espadim branco Espadim-branco Espadim-branco do Atlântico Espadim-branco-do-Atlântico Espadium branco Espadium pequenho Espadon branco do Atlantico Marlim Marlim-branco Marlin-branco Pêto Wit marlyn Hvid marlin Weißer Marlin Atlantic white marlin Skilligalee White marlin White Marlin Valge piikkoon Hatali kofi Valkomarliini Espadon Makaire blanc Makaire blanc de l'Atlantique Onyankle Augghia peddirina Augghia pilligrina Marlin bianco Nishimaka Nishimakajiki Bag-sae-chi Belyi marlin копьеносец белая Копьеносец белый (=марлин белый) марлин белый Spjutfisk Vit marlin Dieunou dong Aguja blanca Aguja blanca del Alántico Aguja blanca del Atlántico Aguja de costa Aguja de paladar Alfiler Alton Altón Blanca Cabezona Cometa Marlin blanca Marlin blanco Pez aguja Kponzele Marlí blanc Marlin alb Marlinos Atlantikou Varé Witte marlijn Μαρλίνος Aτλαντικού 白枪鱼 白槍魚 白色四鰭旗魚 白色四鳍旗鱼 Lamontella albida (Poey, 1860) Makaira albida (Poey, 1860) Makaira lessonae (Canestrini, 1861) Tetrapterus albidus Poey, 1860 Tetrapterus imperator (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860 Tetrapturus belone (non Rafinesque, 1810) Tetrapturus lessonae Canestrini, 1861 1990-10-17 2012-03-06 Nakamura, I.0 FAO species catalogue. 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(Ref. 129270) Dutton, D.J.0 Habitat utilization and dive characterization of blue marlin (<i>Makaira nigricans</i>) and white marlin (<i>Kajikia albida</i>) in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. William & Mary. Paper 1539617891, 102 p. (Ref. 130054) Kwei, E.A. and D.W. Ofori-Adu0 Fishes in the coastal waters of Ghana. Comm. 2. Tema-Ghana. 124p. (Ref. 130891) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-219-4420 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-06-02 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Tealb_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Tealb_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Usually above the thermocline. Its distribution varies seasonally, reaching higher latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres only during the respective warm seasons. Usually found in deep (over 100 m) blue water with surface temperatures over 22°C and salinities of 35 to 37 ppt. Currents of 0.5 to 2 knots occur over much of its habitat. Feeds on fishes and squids. Females grow larger (Ref. 4770). Flesh is of excellent quality. Marketed fresh and frozen. Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-DiagnosticDescr-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-02-26 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Blue-black above, silvery white and splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; sometimes with more than 15 rows of obscure whitish stripes; 1st dorsal fin dark blue with black dots; 2nd dorsal fin dark blue; pectorals blackish brown, with tinges of silvery white in some specimens; pelvic fins blue-black with a black fin membrane; caudal fin blackish brown. Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-Morphology-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-02-26 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 43 - 52; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 17 - 23 Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-Distribution-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 Atlantic Ocean: roughly from 45°N to 45°S in the southwestern Atlantic and 35°S in the southeastern Atlantic. Records from the Mediterranean Sea, and from Bretagne, France seem to correspond to a few straying individuals. Classified as 'reduced' (Ref. 12451). It is unclear whether there are two separate stocks or a single population in the Atlantic. Highly migratory species. Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-Uses-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. United Nations 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. United Nations. Retrieved on June 30, 2004, from http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm (Ref. 71039) FB-LifeCycle-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=219&StockCode=233 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Migrates into subtropical waters to spawn, with peak spawning occurring in early summer. The spawning areas are found in deep and blue oceanic waters, generally at high temperatures ranging from 20° to 29°C except in the southern Atlantic gyrals, and high surface salinities (over 35 ppt). Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-TrophicStrategy-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-02-28 00:00:00 2004-09-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public albida http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution In some areas, it is found to concentrate near rips (usually occurring at interface between different masses of water ) or weed lines. Its differential distribution is also influenced by bottom topography. This species is generally not considered a schooling fish and most often occurs solitarily or in pairs 'tailing' with only the dorsal lobe of their caudal fins showing. However, small schools of 5 to 12 fish are occasionally seen feeding on schools of bait, or tailing, but loose aggregations of numerous fish scattered over fairly large areas are most typical. May school according to size or sex at various seasons of the year. Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-Size-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 300 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4770)); max. published weight: 82.5 kg (Ref. 43) Nakamura, I. 1986 Istiophoridae. p. 1000-1005. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4770) Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-219 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-27 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=219 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 71039); marine; depth range 0 - 150 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 55219) United Nations 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. United Nations. Retrieved on June 30, 2004, from http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/UNCLOS-TOC.htm (Ref. 71039) Nakamura, I. 1985 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43) Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: white marlin. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/WhiteMarlin/WhiteMarlin.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55219)