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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-22551</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22551</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Elasmobranchii</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Rajiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Rajidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Dipturus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Dipturus macrocauda (Ishiyama, 1955)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Deepsea skate</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Deep-sea skate</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Vagumiku süvarai</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Chihirokasube</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Diepzeerog</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>K'ak'ew'</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>稀棘深海鰩</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>稀棘深海鳐</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Raja abyssicola Gilbert, 1896</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-11-20</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=22552'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=22552'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-395-26873-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2850&amp;speccode=22552'>Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4925&amp;speccode=22552'>Clemens, W.A. and G.V. Wilby0 Fishes of the Pacific coast of Canada. 2nd ed. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada Bull. (68):443 p. (Ref. 4925)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5969&amp;speccode=22552'>Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6797&amp;speccode=22552'>Ishihara, H. and R. Ishiyama0 Two new North Pacific skates (Rajidae) and a revised key to &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja&lt;/i&gt; in the area. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 32(2):143-179. (Ref. 6797)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6876&amp;speccode=22552'>Quast, J.C. and E.L. Hall0 List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p. (Ref. 6876)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-660-10459-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6885&amp;speccode=22552'>Hart, J.L.0 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8630&amp;speccode=22552'>Mould, B.0 A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27314&amp;speccode=22552'>McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn0 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28767&amp;speccode=22552'>Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and H. Espinosa Perez0 Listados faunísticos de México. VII. Catálogo sistemático de las rayas y especies afines de México. (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes: Batoideiomorpha). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico. 75 p. (Ref. 28767)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=22552'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='ISSN 1198-6727' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33536&amp;speccode=22552'>Danko, J.P.0 Building a reliable database from a native oral tradition using fish-related terms from the Saanich language. p. 29-33. In D. Pauly, T. Pitcher and D. Preikshot (eds.) Back to the future: reconstructing the Strait of Georgia Ecosystem. 99 p. The Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. Canada. (Ref. 33536)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-8018-6048-2' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35766&amp;speccode=22552'>Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2-8317-0564-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36508&amp;speccode=22552'>Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=22552'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41249&amp;speccode=22552'>Ishihara, H.0 Study on the systematics and fishery resources of the North Pacific skates (Pisces: Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Tokyo University. 186 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 41249)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='1-888569-07-7' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43939&amp;speccode=22552'>Mecklenburg, C.W., T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Fishes of Alaska. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. xxxvii +1037 p. (Ref. 43939)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='5-8044-0308-7' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50550&amp;speccode=22552'>Fedorov, V.V., I.A. Chereshnev, M.V. Nazarkin, A.V. Shestakov and V.V. Volobuev0 Catalog of marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p. (Ref. 50550)</reference>
	<reference isbn='5-85857-003-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50610&amp;speccode=22552'>Russian Academy of Sciences0 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. Kamchatsky Pechatny Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia. 166 p. (Ref. 50610)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=22552'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=22552'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=22552'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=22552'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96339&amp;speccode=22552'>Love, M.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, T.A. Mecklenburg and L.K. Thorsteinson0 Resource inventory of marine and estuarine fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, 98104. (Ref. 96339)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126515&amp;speccode=22552'>Knuckey, J.D.S. and D.A. Ebert0 A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja Ishiyama&lt;/i&gt;). Zootaxa 5142(1):1-89. (Ref. 126515)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127348&amp;speccode=22552'>Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127873&amp;speccode=22552'>Ebert, D.A., J. Alfaro-Shigueto, X. Velez-Zuazo, M. Pajuelo and J.C. Mangel0 &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja chapmani&lt;/i&gt; n. sp., a new deep-sea skate (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) from the Southeast Pacific Ocean. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:23-35. (Ref. 127873)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-22552</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-07-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22552</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>This species lives in deep waters, on the upper continental slope and often over fine sediment; reported to have a preference for colder temperatures than its congeners. The size at maturity for males is from 109 to 120 cm TL, for females 145 cm TL; size at birth  uncertain, with the smallest free-swimming specimen measured 19 cm TL. Feeds on annelids, cephalopods, crabs, shrimps, and bony fishes, the smaller individuals consume more invertebrates (Ref. 126515). Oviparous.  Distinct pairing with embrace.  Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).  Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). The light golden brown egg cases are large (10.8-11.1 cm TL), with coarse surface due to the rasp-like denticles; with a distinct groove between the lateral keel and the case (absent in all other ENP skate egg cases) and with horns at the corners, the anterior horns more robust than posteriors, with both sets becoming flat and thread-like at tips (Ref. 126515).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126515&amp;speccode=22552'>Knuckey, J.D.S. and D.A. Ebert 2022 A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja Ishiyama&lt;/i&gt;). Zootaxa 5142(1):1-89. (Ref. 126515)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2022-07-07 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>This large, rhomboidal skates (to at least 157 cm TL) have a triangularly shaped disc (width 44.2-63.7% TL), long head length (19.7-27.8% TL), and with rounded pectoral apices; claspers are very long and slender, the tips conspicuously bulbous, large and wide pseudosiphon present, length 20.0% of clasper, with a distinct, curved pseudorhipidion, the inner surface with a defined V-shaped cleft; ventral lobe with a rounded projection; teeth in 27-39 rows on upper jaw, 24-34 rows on lower jaw; pectoral radials 82; pelvic fins 19; total vertebrae 139; the dorsal and ventral surface of disc with prickly dermal denticles and with thorns on dorsal surface of disc, the males with a well-developed alar thorns, no malar thorns, middorsal thorns weak or absent (0-2), the scapulars often none, nuchal thorns strong (2-4), tail thorns moderate (15-30), down the length of tail, interdorsals are weak or obsolete (0-1). Colouration:  dorsal dark brown or black-grey, sometimes with small dark blotches scattered on body, the pectoral fin edges are darker than the rest of body, pelvic fins often with whitish anterior tips while ventral is darker than dorsal surface, usually white around the mouth, gills, and cloaca (Ref. 126515).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126515&amp;speccode=22552'>Knuckey, J.D.S. and D.A. Ebert 2022 A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja Ishiyama&lt;/i&gt;). Zootaxa 5142(1):1-89. (Ref. 126515)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-07-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22552</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>North Pacific: Bering Sea; south to the Galapagos Islands, west to Japan.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126515&amp;speccode=22552'>Knuckey, J.D.S. and D.A. Ebert 2022 A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja Ishiyama&lt;/i&gt;). Zootaxa 5142(1):1-89. (Ref. 126515)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-07-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>Robbie N. Cada</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=22552&amp;StockCode=17918</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Oviparous, paired eggs are laid.  Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).  Distinct pairing with embrace.  Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=22552'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-07-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22552</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>135 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 126515)); 157 cm TL (female)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126515&amp;speccode=22552'>Knuckey, J.D.S. and D.A. Ebert 2022 A taxonomic revision of Northeast Pacific softnose skates (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae: &lt;i&gt;Bathyraja Ishiyama&lt;/i&gt;). Zootaxa 5142(1):1-89. (Ref. 126515)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-22552</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-04-29 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-07-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder> FAO</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=22552</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>bathydemersal; marine; depth range 362 - 2910 m (Ref. 50610)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='5-85857-003-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50610&amp;speccode=22552'>Russian Academy of Sciences 2000 Catalog of vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters. Kamchatsky Pechatny Dvor, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia. 166 p. (Ref. 50610)</reference></dataObject>
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