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	<dc:identifier>FB-23610</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23610</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Syngnathiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Syngnathidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Solegnathus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Solegnathus hardwickii (Gray, 1830)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sakhalin nine-spined stickleback</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sakhalin stickleback</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Sakhaline ninespine stickleback</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Shortspine stickleback</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Sahhalini luukarits</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Ezo-tomiyo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>エゾトミヨ</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ko'>두만가시고기</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Sakhalinskaya kolyushka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>图们江多刺鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>圖們江多刺魚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Gasterosteus tymensis Nikolskii, 1889</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pungitius pungitius tymensis (Nikolskii, 1889)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1996-06-02</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-16</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=23612'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=23612'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2058&amp;speccode=23612'>Berg, L.S.0 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 2058)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=23612'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=8973&amp;speccode=23612'>Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12841&amp;speccode=23612'>Monod, T.0 Gasterosteidae. p. 280-286. In J. C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 12841)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=23612'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26282&amp;speccode=23612'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26334&amp;speccode=23612'>Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov0 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. (Ref. 26334)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=29618&amp;speccode=23612'>Muramoto, J.-I., K. Igarashi, M. Itoh and S. Makino0 A study of the chromosomes and enzymatic patterns of sticklebacks of Japan. Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. B: Phys. Biol. Sci. 45(9):803-807. (Ref. 29618)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=23612'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=23612'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34370&amp;speccode=23612'>Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37812&amp;speccode=23612'>Pietsch, T.W., K. Amaoka, D.E. Stevenson, E.L. MacDonald, B.K. Urbain and J.A. López0 Freshwater fishes of the Kuril Islands and adjacent regions. Species Diversity 6:133-164. (Ref. 37812)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38401&amp;speccode=23612'>Kim, I.-S.0 Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater fishes. Ministry of Education, Seoul, Korea. 629 p. (Ref. 38401)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41827&amp;speccode=23612'>Anonymous0 Freshwater fish collection database of the National Science Museum. National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. (Ref. 41827)</reference>
	<reference isbn='5-02-002872-X' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50519&amp;speccode=23612'>Reshetnikov, Y.S.0 Atlas of Russian freshwater fishes, Vol. 2. Moscow Nauka. (Ref. 50519)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=23612'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58299&amp;speccode=23612'>Bogutskaya, N.G. and A.M. Naseka0 REGIONAL CHECK-LISTS: Sakhalin Island. In Website and Database: "Freshwater Fishes of Russia": A Source of Information on the Current State of the Fauna. Zoological Institute RAS. (Ref. 58299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=77001&amp;speccode=23612'>Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim0 Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyo-Hak Pub Co. Seoul. 615p. (in Korean). (Ref. 77001)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95713&amp;speccode=23612'>Hokkaido Government0 Threatened Wildlife of Hokkaido - Red Data Book of Hokkaido. Hokkaido Government, Sapporo. (http://rdb.hokkaido-ies.go.jp; http://rdb.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/page/answer_list.asp?list=2&amp;ctg=05&amp;rdb) (Ref. 95713)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=23612'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=124673&amp;speccode=23612'>Matsumoto, T., K. Matsuura and N. Hanzawa0 A new species of nine-spined stickleback, &lt;i&gt;Pungitius modestus&lt;/i&gt; (Gasterosteiformes, Gasterosteidae), from northern Honshu, Japan. Zootaxa 5005(1):1-20. (Ref. 124673)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1996-06-02 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Adults inhabit weedy streams.  Males build, guard and aerate the nest where the eggs are deposited just above the bottom (Ref. 205, 50519).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='5-02-002872-X' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=50519&amp;speccode=23612'>Reshetnikov, Y.S. 2003 Atlas of Russian freshwater fishes, Vol. 2. Moscow Nauka. (Ref. 50519)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Asia:  Hokkaido, Japan and Sakhalin, Russian Federation.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=559&amp;speccode=23612'>Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino 1984 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=23612'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>7.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 2058))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2058&amp;speccode=23612'>Berg, L.S. 1965 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 3, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1949). (Ref. 2058)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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