FB-248 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=248 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Salvelinus Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792) Arktisk roye Röye Røye Royr Golec zwyczajny Salvelino-árctico Truta-das-fontes Siven arktický Awanans Torgoch Fjeldørred Fjældørred Rødding Røding Saibling Schwarzreuter Seeforelle Seesaibling Tiefsee-Saibling Wandersaibling Alpine char Arctic char Arctic charr Breeder Char Charr Davatchan Lake char Redfish Salt-water trout Sea run trout Sea trout Trout Arktika paalia Bleikja Nieriä Omble arctique Omble chevalier Omble-chevalier טרוטנית אלפינית Bleikja Akalukpik Angmalook Aniaq Aopalayâk Aoparktulâyoq Aupalijaat Egaluk Eekallûk Eekalook Ekalluk Ekaluk Ekalukpik Ekalupik Ekaluppik Ekralugak Eqalugdlukâq Eqaluk Eqäluk Eqalukâkaq Eqaluqaq Equaluk Erlakukpik Evitaruk Hiwiterro I ha look Ihkaluk Ikalopik Ikalukpik Ikalupik Ikaluq Ikaluqpik Iloraq Ilorarzuk Iqaluakpak Iqalugaq Iqaluk Iqalukpiaryuk Iqalukpik Iqaluppik Iqluq Irkaluk Ivatarak Iviksarok Ivisaaruq Ivisâroq Ivisaruk Ivitaaruq Ivitagok Ivitaroq Ivitaruk Kaîtilik Kalukpik Kaloarpok Kavasilik Kavisilik Kisuajuq Lixtaa Majuliqtuq Majuqtuq Nutidilik Nutidleq Nutiliarjuk Nutilliajuk Nutilliq Qaluaqpak Qaluaqpaq Qalukpik Situajuq Situliqtuq Suvaliviniq Tadlulik Tariurmiutaq Tariurmuarunnanngittuq Tisuajuk Tisuajuq Tisujuittuq Salmerino Salmerino alpino Salmerino artico Hokkyoku-iwana Iwana Arkticheskiy golets Davatchan Golets Goletz Krasnaya ryba арктический голец Голец арктический кунджа Barjaktarica Jezerska zlatovcica Pastrve Sivon arktický Fjällröding Röding Голець Голець арктичний Кунджа Salvelino Trucha alpina Trucha del artico Beekridder Eqaluk Pastrav alpin Riddervis Ruabhreac 利氏鱒 利氏鳟 北极红点鲑 北極紅點鮭 粗壮红点鲑 粗壯紅點鮭 貝爾湖紅點鮭 贝尔湖红点鲑 黑口紅點鮭 黑口红点鲑 Salmo alpinostagnalis Smitt, 1886 Salmo alpinus Linnaeus, 1758 Salmo alpinus var. nivalis Faber, 1829 Salmo ascanii Valenciennes, 1848 Salmo carbonarius Strøm, 1784 Salmo erythrinus Georgi, 1775 Salmo hybridus Smitt, 1886 Salmo laevis Walbaum, 1792 Salmo lepechini (non Gmelin, 1789) Salmo levis Mohr, 1786 Salmo marstoni Garman, 1893 Salmo nivalis Faber, 1829 Salmo oquassa Girard, 1854 Salmo palja Walbaum, 1792 Salmo punctatus Cuvier, 1829 Salmo rutilus Nilsson, 1832 Salmo salvelinostagnalis Smitt, 1886 Salmo salvelinus (non Linnaeus, 1758) Salmo trutta laevis Walbaum, 1792 Salmo ventricosus Nilsson, 1832 Salvelinus alpinostagnalis (Smitt, 1886) Salvelinus alpinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus (Georgi, 1775) Salvelinus alpinus salvelinus (non Linnaeus, 1758) Salvelinus aureolus Bean, 1887 Salvelinus lepechini melanostomus Berg, 1932 Salvelinus lepechini profundicola Berg, 1932 Salvelinus marstoni (Garman, 1893) 1990-10-17 2020-01-28 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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Nikolaeva0 Atlas of marine and coastal biological diversity of the Russian Arctic. Moscow: WWF Russia, 2011, 64p. (Ref. 118986) GoY, Government of Yukon0 Yukon freshwater fishes. Wildlife Viewing Program, Environment Yukon. Whitehorse (YU, Canada): Government of Yukon, 32 p. (Ref. 119011) Tonn, W., H. Swanson, C. Paszkowski, J. Hanisch and L. Chavarie0 Northern North America. p. 85-100. In J.F. Craig (ed.). Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119194) Fruge, D.J., D.W. Wiswar, L.J. Dugan and D.E. Palmer0 Fish population characteristics of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge coastal waters, summer 1988. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Progress Report, Fairbanks, AK: USFWS. (Ref. 120432) The Joint Secretariat0 Inuvialuit harvest study: data and methods report 1988-1997. Available from IRC, Box, 2120. (Ref. 121105) Thorsteinson, L.K., L.E. Jarvela and D.A. Hale0 Arctic fish habitat use investigations: nearshore studies in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. pp. 349-485. In R. A. Homer, M. McGurk, D. Warburton, T. Parker, and M. Litke (eds.) Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program. Final Reports of Principal Investigators, 71. No. PB-91-140434/XAB. National Ocean Service, Anchorage, AK (USA). (Ref. 122392) Bolshakova, Y.Y. and D.V. Bolshakov0 Ichthyofauna of the eastern coast bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. Oceanology 58(2):228-232. (Ref. 123027) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro and H. Winker0 User Guide for CMSY++. GEOMAR, Germany, 17 p. (Ref. 124174) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Whiteley, A.R., B.E. Penaluna, E.B. Taylor, S. Weiss, A. Abadia-Cardoso, D. Gomez-Uchida, I. Koizumi and P. Trotter0 Trout and char: Taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeography. In Kershner, J.L., J.E. Williams, R.E. Gresswell and J. Lobón-Cerviá. Trout and char of the World, pp. 95-140. (Ref. 130810) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corush, J.B.0 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-GeneralDescr-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Adults occur in the sea along coasts, estuaries, rivers, and lakes with cold, clear water (Ref. 59043). They are found in deep runs and pools of medium to large rivers (Ref. 5723, 86798). Anadromous forms spend a considerable time of their lives at sea; non-migratory populations remain in lakes and rivers (Ref. 4779). Anadromous populations enter rivers to breed during fall and winter (Ref. 86798). Freshwater populations feed on planktonic crustaceans, amphipods, mollusks, insects and fishes (Ref. 4479). Anadromous individuals feed little in freshwater and never feed during migrations. Spawning usually takes place on pebble to stone bottom in lakes. Riverine stocks spawn in rivers with slow current (02.-0.8 m/s), but there are some riverine anadromous stocks (in Norway) which spawn yearly in fast-flowing waters of riffles (Ref. 59043). Extremely sensitive to water pollution (cold water and oxygen oriented) (Ref. 2163). Marketed fresh, smoked, canned (Ref. 27547), and frozen. Eaten sautéed, broiled, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Parasitized by tapeworm (Ref. 37032). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-DiagnosticDescr-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-09-25 00:00:00 2003-09-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Distinguished by the presence of 23 to 32 gill rakers, 37 to 75 pyloric caeca and, on the sides and back, pink to red spots, the largest of which are usually larger than the pupil of the eye (Ref. 27547). Lateral line curves slightly downward from the head (Ref. 27547). Pelvic fins with axillary process; caudal emarginate (Ref. 27547). Color highly variable, depending on location, time of year and degree of sexual development. In general, back is dark, usually rather brown but sometimes with a green cast; the sides are lighter, belly pale; sides and back are liberally sprinkled with pink to red spots, the largest spots along the lateral line usually larger than the pupil of the eye; forward edges of pectoral, pelvic and anal fins, and sometimes the caudal, with a narrow white margin; fins pale in young, dorsal and caudal dark in adults (Ref. 27547). Spawning adults, especially males, are brilliant orange-red to bright red on the ventral side and on the pectoral, pelvic and anal fins. Young have about 11 dark parr marks on each side (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-09-25 00:00:00 2003-09-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 16; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 7 - 15; Vertebrae: 62 - 68 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Europe and North America: Circumpolar (Ref. 86798). Iceland, Scandinavia, northern Russia (absent in rivers draining to Baltic and White Seas), Jan Mayen, Spitzberg, Kolguev, Bear and New Zemblia islands, northern Siberia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland; absent in the Alps (Ref. 59043). North America: coastal areas in Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific drainages from Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada to Alaska; south along Alantic Slope to Maine, USA (Ref. 86798). Landlocked populations in Quebec, Canada and in Maine and New Hampshire in USA (Ref. 7251). Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043) FB-Uses-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-LifeCycle-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=247&StockCode=261 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Males are generally territorial but when females start showing spawning behavior, males pair up with females and lose interest in their territories. Spawning takes place at almost any time of the day. A female invades a males territory and finds a suitable spot for a redd. Once a spot has been selected, she starts digging. While the female is digging, the male courts her by circling around her and then gliding along her side and quivering. When the redd is completed, the pair release egg and sperm. The pair then swim forward out of the nest, often still ejecting sex products. This may be repeated up to 5 times before the female begins to cover the eggs. The female then digs at the edge of the pit, covering the eggs and beginning the next redd (Ref. 27547). Males often mate with more than one female, taking the second mate after the first has exhausted the eggs. Sometimes, a female will mate successively with two or more males (Ref. 28968, 28969). Several days are usually required for females to deposit all their eggs (Ref. 27547). Morrow, J.E. 1980 The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248p. (Ref. 27547) FB-TrophicStrategy-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-04-08 00:00:00 2015-03-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public alpinus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Occurs in deep runs and pools of medium to large rivers, and lakes (Ref. 5723). Anadromous forms spend a considerable time of their lives at sea; non-migratory populations remain in lakes and rivers (Ref. 4779). Freshwater populations feed on planktonic crustaceans, amphipods, mollusks, insects and fishes (Ref. 4479, 6258). Among the marine fishes eaten are cottids (Myxocephalus groenlandicus, Triglops pingeli), arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), sand lance (Ammodytes spp.), snailfishes (Liparis spp.) and smaller Arctic char (Ref. 5951). Extremely sensitive to water pollution (cold water and oxygen oriented) (Ref. 2163). Morton, W.M. 1982 Comparative catches and food habits of dolly varden and arctic chars, <i>Salvelinus malma</i> and <i>S. alpinus</i>, at Karluk, Alaska, in 1939-1941. Environ. Biol. Fishes 7(1):7-28. (Ref. 28074) FB-Size-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 107 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637)); max. published weight: 15.0 kg (Ref. 4779); max. reported age: 40 years (Ref. 46974) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Svetovidov, A.N. 1984 Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779) Quinn, S. 2001 How long do fish live?. In-Fisherman 26(5):15. (Ref. 46974) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-247-11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-17 00:00:00 2004-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=247&StockCode=261 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases Horne, M.T. and A.C. Barnes 1999 Enteric redmouth disease (<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>). p.455-477. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48849) FB-Habitat-247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 70 m (Ref. 30578), usually 0 - 1 m (Ref. 101587) Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) Billard, R. 1997 Les poissons d'eau douce des rivières de France. Identification, inventaire et répartition des 83 espèces. Lausanne, Delachaux & Niestlé, 192p. (Ref. 30578) Rikardsen, A.H., O.H. Diserud, J.M. Elliott, J.B. Dempson, J. Sturlaugsson and A.J. Jensen 2007 The marine temperature and depth preferences of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and sea trout (Salmo trutta), as recorded by data storage tags. Fisheries Oceanography 16:436-447. (Ref. 101587)