FB-2549 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rhinopristiformes Rhinobatidae Pseudobatos Pseudobatos productus (Ayres, 1854) Rocha aksamitna Rejnokovec kalifornský Amerikansk guitarfisk Pointed-nose guitarfish Shovelnose guitarfish Shovel-nose shark Kalifornia logardrai Amerikankitararausku Poisson-guitare spatule Guitarra trompa pala Guitarra viola Schuifsnuitgitaarrog 环吻犁头鳐 環吻犁頭鰩 Rhinobatis producta Ayres, 1854 Rhinobatos productus Ayres, 1854 1991-05-01 2019-08-08 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann0 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. 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(Ref. 122638) Kyne, P.M., A.J. Courtney, I.P. Jacobsen and M.B. Bennett0 Reproductive parameters of rhinobatid and urolophid batoids taken as by‐catch in the Queensland (Australia) east coast otter‐trawl fishery. J. Fish Biol. 89(2):1208-1226. (Ref. 127662) Márquez-Farías, J.F.0 Reproductive biology of shovelnose guitarfish <i>Rhinobatos productus</i> from the eastern Gulf of California México. Marine Biology 151(4):1445-1454. (Ref. 127723) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Farrugia, T.J., M. Espinoza and C.G. Lowe0 Abundance, habitat use and movement patterns of the shovelnose guitarfish (<i>Rhinobatos productus</i>) in a restored southern California estuary. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 62:648-657. (Ref. 129707) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) FB-pic-2549-4574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-06-05 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rhpro_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rhpro_u0.gif FB-pic-2549-33830 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2002-08-05 2010-07-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 size: ~50cm TL; Locality: Torrey Pines Beach, San Diego, US of America. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rhpro_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Rhpro_u0.jpg Locality: Torrey Pines Beach, San Diego, US of America. FB-GeneralDescr-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-08-08 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found on sand or mud bottoms of bays, seagrass beds, estuaries, and near rocky reefs. Nomadic and gregarious. Found singly or in aggregations (Ref. 12951). Burrows in sand during the day, feeds on crabs, worms, clams and small fishes at night (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous, with 6 to 28 pups in a litter (Ref. 48844). Females mature by 7 years at 87-99 cm TL; males reaches 91-110 cm TL; birth size at 20-24 cm TL (Ref. 114953).Etymology: The genus comes from the Greek word rhine, meaning shark, and the Latin word batis, meaning ray, in reference to its body form being intermediate between that of a shark and a ray. The species name comes Latin, meaning produced, in reference to its pointed snout (Ref. 48844). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 2004-07-06 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Broad disc is greater in length than width; a relatively smooth dorsal surface except for a single row of thorns around the eyes and extending along the back and tail; a long, pointed snout with a rounded tip; small, rounded, pebble-like teeth; a first dorsal fin that originates closer to the pelvic fin base than to the caudal fin origin; a thick tail and a moderately large caudal fin without a distinct lower lobe. Tooth count: 102-112/98-117. Spiral valve count: 8-10. Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) FB-Distribution-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Eastern Pacific: endemic to the eastern Pacific from San Francisco, USA to the Gulf of California, and possibly to Mazatlan, Mexico (Ref. 48844). Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann 1983 A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850) FB-Uses-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-08-08 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-LifeCycle-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-08-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2549&StockCode=2745 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).Adults of both sexes congregate during the breeding season in shallow bays and estuaries and likewise leave when the pupping season is over after mating (Ref. 48844). Gestation lasts for about 12 months (Ref. 48844). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-08-08 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 119 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48844)); 170 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 9,750 g (Ref. 40637); max. published weight: 18 kg; max. reported age: 16 years (Ref. 48844) Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2019-08-08 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2549 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 91 m (Ref. 48844), usually 1 - 13 m (Ref. 48844) Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844)