FB-25628 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25628 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Atheriniformes Melanotaeniidae Melanotaenia Melanotaenia irianjaya Allen, 1985 Blou pylstert Trnucha modrá Trnucha mramorovaná Blå pigrokke Blue stingray Marbled stingray South African blue stingray Sting ray Kullakirju astelrai Pastenague bleue sud-africaine Chucho Gemarmerde pijlstaartrog 金魟 Dasyatis chrysonota chrysonota (Smith, 1828) Dasyatis pastinaca (non Linnaeus, 1758) Leiobatis pastinaca (non Linnaeus, 1758) Trygon chrysonota Smith, 1828 Trygon pastinaca (non Linnaeus, 1758) 1996-11-28 2013-07-18 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Dasyatidae. p. 135-142. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3263) Heemstra, P.C.0 Additions and corrections for the 1995 impression. p. v-xv. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 11228) Fricke, R.0 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390) Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno0 A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465) Debelius, H.0 Fischführer Mittelmeer und Atlantik. Jahr Verlag GmbH & Co., Hamburg. 305 p. (Ref. 34514) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer0 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. (Ref. 36731) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Mohamed Fall, K.O.0 Fishes of Mauritania. Unpublished compilation of K.O. Mohamed Fall. (Ref. 55783) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Golani, D. and C. Capape0 First records of the blue stingray, <i>Dasyatis chrysonota</i> (Smith, 1828) (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae), off the coast of Israel (eastern Mediterranean). Acta Adriat. 45(1):107-113. (Ref. 74471) Taquet, M. and A. Diringer0 Poissons de l'Océan Indien et de la mer Rouge. Versailles (France): Éditions Quæ. 527 p. (Ref. 81519) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Vaughan, D., L. Chisholm and K. Christison0 Overview of South African <i>Dendromonocotyle</i> (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria. Zootaxa 1826:26-44. (Ref. 124058) Tsikliras, A.C. and D. Dimarchopoulou0 Filling in knowledge gaps: Length-weight relations of 46 uncommon sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Ichthyol. et Pisc. 51(3):249-255. (Ref. 124786) Ebert, D.A. and P.D. Cowley0 Reproduction and embryonic development of the blue stingray, <i>Dasyatis chrysonota</i>, in southern African waters. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 89(4):809-815. (Ref. 126344) FB-GeneralDescr-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2021-05-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25629 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Found in shallow bays, sheltered sandy beaches in summertime, moves to deeper waters during winter. Feeds on bony fishes and crustaceans such as crabs, shrimps and mantis shrimps (Ref. 36731); including sea lice and marine worms (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Litters of 1-5 pups (Ref. 114953). Often caught by shore anglers (Ref. 36731). It is parasitised by the monogenean Dendromonocotyle citrosa on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124058). Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno 1993 A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465) FB-Distribution-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2022-06-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25629 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Southeast Atlantic: central Angola to at least St. Lucia, Natal, South Africa, possibly extending to Mozambique. Reported from the Comoros, Reunion and Madagascar (Ref. 33390). Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno 1993 A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465) FB-Uses-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2021-05-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25629 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Vaughan, D., L. Chisholm and K. Christison 2008 Overview of South African <i>Dendromonocotyle</i> (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria. Zootaxa 1826:26-44. (Ref. 124058) FB-LifeCycle-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2021-05-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=25629&StockCode=20225 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2008-03-24 00:00:00 2008-03-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ chrysonota Found in shallow bays, sheltered sandy beaches in summertime, moves to deeper waters during winter. Feeds on bony fishes and crustaceans such as crabs, shrimps and mantis shrimps. Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno 1993 A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465) FB-Size-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2021-05-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25629 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 75.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36731)) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer 1999 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265 p. (Ref. 36731) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-25629 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2021-05-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25629 demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 110 m (Ref. 114953) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)