FB-2576 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae Pteroplatytrygon Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) Pilrokke Pilskate Ogoncza pelagicza Ogończa pelagiczna Ratão Uge-violeta Pelagiese pylstert Pylstert Trnucha pelagická Pelagisk pigrokke Pigrokke Pilrokke Peitschenrochen Pelagischer Stechrochen Stechrochen Violetter Stechrochen Blue stingray Guilers stingray Pelagic stingray Pelagic sting-ray Stingray Violet stingray Ulgurai Sinikeihäsrausku Pastenague Pastenague violette Žutuga ljubičasta Brucco Bugghiu niru Dragone Ferraccia Ferrassa neigra Ferrazza Hurchje Matana Muchio spinoso Pastinaca Pastinaca violacea Prelato Protene Tomazzo Trigone viola Trigone violetto Trigono Vastunaca Vastunaca spinosa Vurchie Pari lemer Karasu-ei Pari Pari hitam Boll Boll tork Boll vjola Siba zutulja Volina Stingrocka Violett spjutrocha Violett Spjutrocka İğneli vatoz Ignelivatoz Pastinaca Raya látigo Raya látigo obispo Raya látigo pelágica Raya-látigo violeta Escunçana violeta Escurçana violeta Glafkotrygona K'ak'ew' Pari lampin Payubek Sálahi trygéna Trigóna Vijolični morski bič Violette pijlstaartrog Γλαυκοτρυγόνα Μούντριζα Μούτρουβα Σαλάχι Τρυγόνα 吉勒氏魟 紫魟 黑魟 Dasyatis atratus Ishiyama & Okada, 1955 Dasyatis guileri Last, 1979 Dasyatis purpurea (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatis purpureus (Müller & Henle, 1841) Dasyatis violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) Trygon purpurea Müller & Henle, 1841 Trygon violacea Bonaparte, 1832 1991-05-01 2024-08-12 Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. 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(Ref. 132125) Krajangdara, T.0 New record of cartilaginous fishes found in Thai waters and the adjacent areas and an updated species list in 2019. Burapha Science Journal 24(2):599-621. (Ref. 132299) FB-pic-2576-4242 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-05-30 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Davio_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Davio_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found in open, tropical and warm temperate waters usually in the first 100 m. Possibly the only totally pelagic member of the family (Ref. 6871). Feeds on coelenterates (including medusae), squid, decapod crustaceans, and fish. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Venomous spine on tail. Common catch of the pelagic tuna (and shark) longline and gillnet fisheries (drift, Ref. 75025) operating throughout the region (Ref. 58048); also by purse-seine and bottom trawls (Ref. 75025). Utilized for its meat and sometimes cartilage (Ref.58048). Total length 110 TL (80 cm WD) (Ref. 9254). Compagno, L.J.V. 1999 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) FB-DiagnosticDescr-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 A thick, dark stingray with a broadly rounded snout and an angular pectoral disc; tail less than twice body length with a long lower caudal finfold ending far in front of tail tip, but with no upper finfold; disc without thorns; usually 1 extremely long sting on tail; eyes do not protrude (Ref. 5578). Uniformly violet, purple, or dark blue-green dorsally and ventrally (Ref. 3263). No prominent markings (Ref. 3263). Compagno, L.J.V. 1986 Dasyatidae. p. 135-142. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3263) FB-Distribution-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2024-01-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Probably cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical seas. Eastern Pacific: Reported from Vancouver (Ref. 11980), from California (USA), Baja California (Mexico) to Chile, and the Galapagos Is. (Ref. 9068). Western Atlantic (Ref. 7251). Eastern Atlantic: Southeastern coasts of the Mediterranean and off Sicily; Reported from Cape Verde (Ref. 34514). Indian Ocean. McEachran, J.D. and C. Capapé 1984 Dasyatidae. p. 197-202. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3169) FB-Uses-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-LifeCycle-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2576&StockCode=2772 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). With 2 (Ref.58048) to 9 young born at 15-25 cm WD (Ref. 26346); after a gestation period of 4 months (Ref.58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-19 00:00:00 2008-08-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public violacea http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Feeds on fish, squids and jellyfish (Ref. 5578). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Size-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 96.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 48844)) Ebert, D.A. 2003 Sharks, rays and chimaeras of California. California Natural History Guides No. 71. University of California Press. 284 p. (Ref. 48844) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2576 pelagic-oceanic; marine; depth range 1 - 381 m (Ref. 58302), usually 1 - 100 m (Ref. 55209) Mundy, B.C. 2005 Checklist of the fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Mus. Bull. Zool. (6):1-704. (Ref. 58302) Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: pelagic stingray. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/PelagicStingray/PelagicStingray.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55209)