FB-4221 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Cyclopsettidae Etropus Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 Linguado Solha Solha urumaçara Fringed Flounder Fringed flounder Perpeire frange Rombou petite gueule Koban-darumagarei Etrop Lenguado Lenguado boca chica Lenguado de boca chica Lenguado orlado Lenguado ribete 中間腹肢鮃 中间腹肢鲆 腹肢鮃 腹肢鲆 Citharichthys crossotus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) Citharichthys crossotus crossotus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) Etropus crossotus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 Etropus intermedius Norman, 1933 1991-05-01 2024-09-23 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. Based on an international symposium dedicated to the memory of Elbert Halvor Ahlstrom, 15-18 August 1983, La Jolla, California. Spec. Publ. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol. 1:ix, 760 p. (Ref. 63) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Martin, F.D. and G.E. Drewry0 Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Vol. VI. Stromateidae through Ogcocephalidae. Fish. Wildl. Serv. US Dept. Int. FWS/OBS-78/-12:416 p. (Ref. 4661) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez0 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) Chirichigno F., N.0 Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530) Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott0 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) Hensley, D.A.0 Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330) Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.)0 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) Sánchez, A.C.0 Listado taxonomico de las especies marinas identificadas en los océanos Pacífico y Atlántico (Caribe) de Nicaragua. Ministerio de Economía y Desarrollo. MEDE PESCA. Managua. 28 p. (Ref. 13613) Claro, R.0 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) Gines, H. and F. Cervigón0 Exploracion pesquera en las costas de Guyana y Surinam año 1967. Estacíon de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita. Fundacíon La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, no. 29. (Ref. 26912) Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736) LeGrande, W.H.0 Karyology of six species of Louisiana flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes: Osteichthyes). Copeia 1975(3):516-522. (Ref. 29413) Rass, T.S.0 Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.), Moscow: Prosveschenie. 575p. (Ref. 30503) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624) Stickney, R.R., G.L. Taylor and R.W. Heard III0 Food habits of Georgia eastuarine fishes. I. Four species of flounders (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae). Fish. Bull. 72(2):515-525. (Ref. 34001) Klinkhardt, M, M. Tesche and H. Greven0 Database of fish chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften. (Ref. 34370) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes0 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453) Carvalho-Filho, A.0 Peixes: costa Brasileira. 3rd ed. Melro, São Paulo. 320 p. (Ref. 37819) Sanvicente-Añorve, L., C. Flores-Coto and X. Chiappa-Carrara0 Temporal and spatial scales of ichthyoplankton distribution in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 51(4):463-475. (Ref. 38300) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Leslie, A.J. Jr. and D.J. Stewart0 Systematics and distributional ecology of <i>Etropus</i> (Pisces, Bothidae) on the Atlantic Coast of the United States with description of a new species. Copeia 1986(1):140-156. (Ref. 39355) Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498) Muto, E.Y., L.S.H. Soares and C.L.D.B. Rossi-Wongtschowski0 Length-weight relationship of marine fish species off São Sebastião system, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Naga, ICLARM Q. 23(4):27-29. (Ref. 40728) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Lima, H.H. and A.M. Oliveira0 Segunda contribuição ao conhecimento dos nomes vulgares de peixes marinhos do nordeste brasileiro. Boletim de Ciências do Mar(29):1-26. (Ref. 42067) Soares, L.H.0 Catálogo dos peixes do litoral do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Boletim do Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 7:1-39. (Ref. 42070) Szpilman, M.0 Peixes marinhos do Brasil: guia prático de identificação. Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Ecológico Aqualung. 288 p. (Ref. 42071) Suzuki, C.R.0 Guia de peixes do litoral brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Edições Marítimas. 394 p. (Ref. 42072) Beltrán-León, B.S. and R.R. Herrera0 Estadios tempranos de peces del Pacifico Colombiano. Tomo 2. Republica de Colombia, Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Instituto Nacional de Pesca Y Acuicultura (INPA). Buenaventura-Colombia, Tomo 2. (Ref. 44342) Reichert, M.J.M., J.M. Dean, R.J. Feller and J.M. Grego0 Somatic growth and otolith growth in juveniles of a small subtropical flatfish, the fringed flounder, <i>Etropus crossotus</i>. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 254(2):169-188. (Ref. 47167) Reichert, M.J.M.0 <i>Etropus crossotus</i>, an annual flatfish species; age and growth of the fringed flounder in South Carolina. J. Sea Res. 40(3/4):323-332. (Ref. 47359) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Reichert, M.J.M.0 On the life history of the fringed flounder (<i>Etropus crossotus</i>), a small tropical flatfish in the South Atlantic Bight. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands. 214 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 47696) Reichert, M.J.J. and H.W. van der Veer0 Settlement, abundance, growth and mortality of juvenile flatfish in a subtropical tidal estuary (Georgia, U.S.A.). Neth. J. Sea Res. 27(3/4):375-391. (Ref. 47708) Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus0 An annotated key to the teleost fishes of Puerto Rico. Compendio Enciclopedico de los Recursos Nat. 5:1-191. (Ref. 50307) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Munroe, T.A.0 Paralichthyidae. Sand flounders. p. 1898-1921. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 53012) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Frota, L.O., P.A.S. Costa and A.C. Braga0 Length-weight relationships of marine fishes from the central Brazilian coast. Naga, WorldFish Center Q. 27(1-2):20-26. (Ref. 55642) van der Heiden, A.M. and H.G. Plascencia González0 <i>Etropus ciadi</i>, a new endemic flatfish from the Gulf of California, Mexico (Pleuronectiformes: Paralichthyidae). Copeia 2005(3):470-478. (Ref. 57761) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Azevedo, M.F.C., C. Oliveira, B.G. Pardo, P. Martinez and F. Foresti0 Cytogenetic characterization of six species of flatfishes with comments to karyotype differentiation patterns in Pleuronectiformes (Teleostei). J. Fish Biol. 70(Suppl.A):1-15. (Ref. 72412) Tapia-García, M., C. Suárez-Núñez, G. Cercenares, L. Guevara, M.C. Macutil-Montes and M.C. García-Abad0 Composición y distribución de la ictiofauna en la Laguna del Mar Muerto, Pacífico Mexicano. Rev. Biol. Trop. 46(2). (Ref. 74889) Sánchez-Gil, P., A. Yáñez-Arancibia, M. Tapia, J.W. Day, C.A. Wilson and J.H. Cowan Jr.0 Ecological and biological strategies of <i>Etropus crossotus</i> and <i>Citharichthys spilopterus</i> (Pleuronectiformes:Paralichthyidae) related to the estuarine plume, Southern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Sea Research 59:173-185. (Ref. 75024) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Ayala-Pérez, L.A., J.R. Miranda and D.F. Hernández0 La comunidad de peces de la Laguna de Términos: estructura actual comparada. Rev. Biol. Trop. 51(3):783-794. (Ref. 79080) Joyeux, J.-C., T. Giarrizzo, R.M. Macieira, H.L. Spach and T. Vaske Jr.0 Length-weight relationships for Brazilian estaurine fishes along a latitudinal gradient. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 24(1):1-6. (Ref. 80009) Vianna, M., F.E.S. Costa and C.N. Ferreira0 Length-weight relationship of fish caught as by-catch by shrimp fishery in the southeastern Coast of Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, 30(1):81-85. (Ref. 83872) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Murdy, E.O. and J.A. Musick0 Field guide to fishes of the Chesapeake Bay. JHU Press, 360 p. (Ref. 93252) Passos, A.C., R. Schwarz Jr., B.F.C. Cartagena, A.S. Garcia and H.L. Spach0 Weight-length relationship of 63 demersal fishes on the shallow coast of Paraná, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:845-847. (Ref. 94907) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Moser, H.G. and B.Y. Sumida0 Paralichthyidae: Lefteye flounders and sanddabs. p. 1325-1355. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p. (Ref. 101737) Dias, J.F., W.S. Fernandez and T.C.S. Schmidt0 Length-weight relationship of 73 fish species caught in the southeastern inner continental shelf region of Brazil. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. 42(1):127-136. (Ref. 102462) Freitas, M.O., S.M. Vasconcelos, M. Hostim-Silva and H.L. Spach0 Length-weight relationships for fishes caught by shrimp trawl in Santa Catarina coast, south Atlantic, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27(1):427-1428. (Ref. 102465) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Munroe, T.0 Etropus crossotus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T16777804A16782053. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16777804A16782053.en. Downloaded on 17 July 2017. (Ref. 115829) Moreno Sánchez, X.G., S.E. Lluch-Cota, L. Hernández-Olalde, F. López Rasgado and L.A. Abitia-Cardenas0 Weight-length relationships of mangrove fishes from Bahı´a de La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:671-672. (Ref. 115880) Rábago-Quiroz, C.H., J. López-Martínez, E. Herrera-Valdivia, M.O. Nevárez-Martínez and J. Rodríguez-Romero0 Population dynamics and spatial distribution of flatfish species in shrimp trawl bycatch in the Gulf of California. Hidrobiológica 18(3):177-188. (Ref. 118152) Rábago-Quiroz, C.H., J.A. García-Borbón, D.S. Palacios-Salgado and F.J. Barrón-Barraza0 Length-weight relation for eleven demersal fish species in the artisinal shrimp fishery areas from the Bahia Magdalena-Almejas lagoon system, Mexico. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 47(3):303-305. (Ref. 118191) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Viana, A.P., F. Lucena-Frédou, F. Ménard, T. Frédou, V. Ferreira, A.S. Lira and F. Le Loc'h0 Length-weight relations of 70 fish species (Actinopterygii) from tropical coastal region of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Acta Ichthyol. Et Pisc. 46(3):271-277. (Ref. 122735) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) Coello, D., M. Herrera and R. Zambrano0 Length-weight relationship of 74 fish species caught in the continental coast of Ecuador. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 37:129-134. (Ref. 124487) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) González-Acosta, A.F., C.H. Rábago-Quiroz, G. Ruiz-Campos, J.A. García-Borbón, M.d.C. Alejo-Plata and F.J. Barrón-Barraza0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of 39 demersal fish species of an estuarine-Coastal Ecosystem from the Northwestern of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. J. Appl. Ichthyol (Ref. 130775) Rodriguez, A., K. Mendoza and J. Paramo0 Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of 53 species of shallow-Water fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2023(6632464):1-10. (Ref. 131022) de Melo, G.D., H.L. Spach, J. Adelir-Alves, P.C. Pinheiro and M. Soeth0 Length-weight relationship of 104 demersal fish species from the continental shelf of the South Brazilian Bight captured in bottom trawl shrimp nets. Ocean and Coastal Research 72:e24029. (Ref. 131629) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4221-5136 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-03 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Etcro_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Etcro_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 Adults inhabit sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9330). Common in estuaries (Ref. 9330). They feed on big, benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330). Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes 2000 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453) FB-Morphology-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 2001-04-24 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 73 - 87; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 57 - 68 Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes 2000 Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453) FB-Distribution-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California to Peru (Ref. 9330); Northwestern Central Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Chesapeake Bay, USA to the Antilles and southern Brazil. Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) FB-Uses-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; price category: very high; price reliability: unreliable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this order Hensley, D.A. 1995 Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330) FB-Migration-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-LifeCycle-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=4221&StockCode=4417 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737). Moser, H.G. and B.Y. Sumida 1996 Paralichthyidae: Lefteye flounders and sanddabs. p. 1325-1355. In H.G. Moser (ed.) The early stages of fishes in the California Current Region. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) Atlas No. 33. 1505 p. (Ref. 101737) FB-Size-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 22.4 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 131022)); max. published weight: 117 g (Ref. 131022); max. reported age: 1 years (Ref. 47359) Rodriguez, A., K. Mendoza and J. Paramo 2023 Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of 53 species of shallow-Water fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2023(6632464):1-10. (Ref. 131022) Rodriguez, A., K. Mendoza and J. Paramo 2023 Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of 53 species of shallow-Water fish in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 2023(6632464):1-10. (Ref. 131022) Reichert, M.J.M. 1998 <i>Etropus crossotus</i>, an annual flatfish species; age and growth of the fringed flounder in South Carolina. J. Sea Res. 40(3/4):323-332. (Ref. 47359) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-4221 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4221 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy demersal; anadromous (Ref. 126106); brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m (Ref. 115829), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 5217) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Munroe, T. 2015 Etropus crossotus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T16777804A16782053. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16777804A16782053.en. Downloaded on 17 July 2017. (Ref. 115829) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)