FB-4239 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Pleuronectidae Hippoglossoides Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) Gapeflyndre Niegladzica Solha Solha americana Solha-americana هوشع كندي Lleden gennog Almindelig håising Håising Doggerscharbe Rauhe Scharbe Scharbenzunge American plaice Canadian plaice Long rough dab Harilik karelest Hvassasprek Skeivikjaftur Liejukampela Balai Balai de l'Atlantique Faux flétan Flétan nain Plie canadienne Skrápflúra Ikkahnalook Ipkelnokto Ipkuknaluk Nadalna Nataktook Natanak Natangnok Natarnak Natarnaq Okôtak Passera canadese Kambala jozsh Kambala-yorsh Камбала-ерш Iverak Glipskädda Lerflundra Lerskädda Камбала американська Камбала атлантична Камбала-йорж Platija americana Ameriška morska plošča Glossáki-chomatída Lange schar Oquutaq 拟庸鲽 美洲拟庸鲽 美洲擬庸鰈 Drepanopsetta platessoides (Fabicius, 1780) Hippoglossoides platessoides limandoides (Bloch, 1787) Hippoglossoides platessoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) Hypoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780) Pleuronectes limandoides Bloch, 1787 Pleuronectes platessoides Fabricius, 1780 1991-05-01 2024-08-12 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adults are most abundant from 90 m to 250 m deep and bottom temperatures of -0.5 to 2.5°C (Ref. 6263). Live on soft bottoms (Ref. 9988, 58426). Feed on invertebrates and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51486). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau 1998 Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fish. Bull. 96(4):686-726. (Ref. 30193) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-02-01 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Slender body and a large mouth. Dorsal fin starts above left eye. Lateral line almost straight. Rough scales (Ref. 35388). Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Distribution-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-02 00:00:00 2025-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Two subspecies were recognized, H. p. platessoides from northwestern Atlantic, and H. p. limandoides from the northeastern Atlantic (Ref. 51668). Mecklenburg, K.C., P.R. Møller and D. Steinke 2011 Biodiversity of the Arctic marine fishes: taxonomy and zoogeography. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109-140. (Ref. 86838) FB-Uses-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-Migration-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-20 00:00:00 2014-02-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public platessoides http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Most abundant from 90 m to 250 m deep and bottom temperatures of -0.5 to 2.5°C (Ref. 6263). Lives on soft bottoms (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on polychaetes, echinoderms, molluscs, crustaceans and fish. It is preyed upon by cod, halibut and Greenland sharks. Parasites of the species include 3 protozoans, 15 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 7 nematodes (including the sealworm Phocanema decipiens), 3 acanthocephalans and 2 copepods (Ref. 5951). Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman 1981 Food of eight Northwest Atlantic Pleuronectiform Fishes. NOAA Technical Report NMFS SSRF-749, U.S. Department of Commerce. FB-Size-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 82.6 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 58426)); max. published weight: 6,400 g (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 6263) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2004 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Bowering, W.R. and W.B. Brodie 1991 Distribution of commercial flatfishes in the Newfoundland-Labrador region of the Canadian Northwest Atlantic and changes in certain biological parameters since exploitation. Neth. J. Sea Res. 27(3/4):407-422. (Ref. 6263) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4239-57 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-02 00:00:00 2004-03-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4239&StockCode=4435 Epitheliocystis. Bacterial diseases Lannan, C.N., J.L. Batholomew and J.L. Fryer 1999 Chlamydial infections of fish: Epitheliocystis. p.255-267. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections. CABI Int'l. (Ref. 48851) FB-Habitat-4239 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1991-05-01 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4239 demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 10 - 3000 m (Ref. 58426), usually 90 - 250 m (Ref. 6263) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist 2004 Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p. (Ref. 58426) Bowering, W.R. and W.B. Brodie 1991 Distribution of commercial flatfishes in the Newfoundland-Labrador region of the Canadian Northwest Atlantic and changes in certain biological parameters since exploitation. Neth. J. Sea Res. 27(3/4):407-422. (Ref. 6263)