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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-4527</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4527</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Clupeiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Denticipitidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Denticeps</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Denticeps clupeoides Clausen, 1959</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Zubatinka nigerijská</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Tandhovedsild</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Goldstreifen-Süßwasserhering</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Denticle herring</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Hammaspeaheeringas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Hammassilli</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Tandsill</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mbanga fish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Trnasti sled</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>齒頭鯡</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>齿头鲱</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Acanthothrissa palimptera Gras, 1961</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-07-10</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-23</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=245&amp;speccode=4527'>Nelson, J.S.0 Fishes of the world. 2nd edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York. 523 p. (Ref. 245)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1989&amp;speccode=4527'>Daget, J. and A. Iltis0 Poissons de Côte d'Ivoire (eaux douces et saumâtres). Mém. I.F.A.N. 74:385 p. (Ref. 1989)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2848&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G.0 Denticipitidae. p. 95-97. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G. G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome I. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° XXVIII. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 384 p. (Ref. 2848)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3019&amp;speccode=4527'>Gras, R.0 Liste des poissons du Bas-Dahomey faisant partie de la collection du laboratoire d'hydrobiologie du service des eaux, forêts et chasses du Dahomey. Bull. I.F.A.N. (A) 23(2):572-586. (Ref. 3019)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3032&amp;speccode=4527'>Lévêque, C. and D. Paugy0 Guide des poissons d'eau douce de la zone du programme de lutte contre l'onchocercose en Afrique de l'Ouest. Convention ORSTOM-OMS. 393 p. (Ref. 3032)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=4527'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7093&amp;speccode=4527'>Daget, J.0 Denticipitidae. p. 40. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7093)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81268&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G.0 Denticipitidae. p. 122-124. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81268)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81632&amp;speccode=4527'>Vreven, E.J. and G.G. Teugels0 Denticipitidae. p. 205-208. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81632)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=86890&amp;speccode=4527'>Gras, R.0 Contribution à l'étude des poissons du Bas-Dahomey. Description de quatre espèces nouvelles. Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, 2e Sér., 32(5):401-410. (Ref. 86890)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94605&amp;speccode=4527'>Lavoué, S., M. Miya, K. Saitoh, N.B. Ishiguro and M. Nishida0 Phylogenetic relationships among anchovies, sardines, herrings and their relatives (Clupeiformes), inferred from whole mitogenome sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43:1096-1105. (Ref. 94605)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=4527'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101724&amp;speccode=4527'>Clausen, H.S.0 Denticipitidae, a new family of primitive isospondylous teleosts from West African fresh-water (scientific results from the expedition from the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen to West Africa in cooperation with University College Ibadan. 1.). Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Foren. København 121:141-151. (Ref. 101724)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=102080&amp;speccode=4527'>Greenwood, P.H.0 The status of &lt;i&gt;Acanthothrissa&lt;/i&gt; Gras, 1961 (Pisces, Clupeidae). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 13) 7:337-338 (Ref. 102080)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=4527'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117230&amp;speccode=4527'>Blanc, M.0 Catalogue des types de poissons d'eau douce africains entrés en collection de 1950 à 1960. Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist Nat., Paris, 2e Sér., 33(3):260-275. (Ref. 117230)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117231&amp;speccode=4527'>Greenwood, P.H.0 The osteology and relationships of the Denticipitidae, a family of clupeomorph fishes. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) 16(6):213-273. (Ref. 117231)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117232&amp;speccode=4527'>Greenwood, P.H.0 Notes on the visceral anatomy of &lt;i&gt;Denticeps clupeoides&lt;/i&gt; Clausen, 1959, a West African clupeomorph fish. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 77(1-2):1-10. (Ref. 117232)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117233&amp;speccode=4527'>Greenwood, P.H.0 &lt;i&gt;Denticeps clupeoides&lt;/i&gt; Clausen 1959: the static clupeomorph. p. 140-142. In N. Eldredge and S. Stanley (eds.) Living Fossils. Springer-Verlag, New York. 291 p. (Ref. 117233)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117234&amp;speccode=4527'>Di Dario, F. and M.C.C. de Pinna0 The supratemporal system and the pattern of ramification of cephalic sensory canals in &lt;i&gt;Denticeps clupeoides&lt;/i&gt; (Denticipitoidei, Teleostei): additional evidence for monophyly of Clupeiformes and Clupeoidei. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 46(10):107-123. (Ref. 117234)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117235&amp;speccode=4527'>Sire, J.-Y., S. Marin and F. Allizard0 Comparison of teeth and dermal denticles (odontodes) in the teleost &lt;i&gt;Denticeps clupeoides&lt;/i&gt; (Clupeomorpha). J. Morphol. 237:237-255. (Ref. 117235)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117236&amp;speccode=4527'>Di Dario, F.0 Homology between the &lt;i&gt;recessus lateralis&lt;/i&gt; and cephalic sensory canals, with the proposition of additional synapomorphies for the Clupeiformes and the Clupeoidei. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 141:257-270. (Ref. 117236)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=117237&amp;speccode=4527'>Arratia, G.0 The Clupeocephala re-visited: analysis of characters and homologies. Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr. 45(1):635-657. (Ref. 117237)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118485&amp;speccode=4527'>Offem, B.O., Y.A. Samsons and I.T. Omoniyi0 Length-weight relationship, condition factor and sex ratio of forty six important fishes in a tropical flood river. Res. J. Fish Hydro. 4(2):65-72. (Ref. 118485)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2350-4757' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128520&amp;speccode=4527'>Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-4527</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-07-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<dc:description>Found in streams with water of low ionic content; it always occurs in shoals that tend to keep to the middle of the stream, where the current is at its strongest (Ref. 81632, 101724). It is a skilled and untiring swimmer, extremely fast and hence not easily caught (Ref. 81632, 101724). Peak spawning period in Cross River occurs from July to August (Ref. 85170).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81268&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Denticipitidae. p. 122-124. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81268)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://oceans.ubc.ca/maria-lourdes-deng-palomares/' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Maria Lourdes D. Palomares</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-03-04 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2020-10-01 16:05:59</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4527</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Diagnosis: Denticeps clupeoides is closely related to the Clupeidae, characterised by the presence of midventral scutes; it is distinguished from all clupeids by the presence of numerous small denticles on the surface of the dermal head bones (odontodes) and a complete lateral line along the entire length of the sides (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632, 117233). Unlike the majority of African freshwater clupeids, Denticeps clupeoides lacks a supramaxilla (Ref. 2848, 81268).Description: Body compressed and rather elongate (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632). About 9 to 10 pairs of gill-rakers on lower portion of first branchial arch, about 4 to 5 on upper segment; especially those on the lower segment very long and slender, forming a filter mechanism with those of the other arches (Ref. 86890, 101724). Dorsal fin with 8-9 soft fin rays, originating above the posterior fourth or third ray of anal fin; the latter very long and comprising 23-27 soft fin rays; pectoral fin with 11-12 rays; pelvic fin with 5 rays (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632, 117231). Lateral line complete, comprising 37-40 cycloid scales, from pectoral girdle to structural base of caudal fin; 4.5-5.5 scales in transverse series above lateral line, 5.5-6.5 scales below, counted from base of first dorsal ray and from base of pelvic fin, respectively (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632, 101724). Presence of a series of ventral scutes along belly; 15-20 pre-pelvic and 4-6 post-pelvic mid-ventral scutes (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632, 101724).Colouration: Preserved specimens are silvery, somewhat olivaceous dorsally; back with a black line running from head to caudal fin; sides with a narrow black stripe extending from gill cover to base of caudal fin, and becoming broader on caudal peduncle (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632). Live colouration is silvery with a greenish tint on the sides, whitish on belly, and a darker yellowish-grey on back; the blackish pigmented zones at the bases of the scales form a reticulate pattern of vertical rhomboid fields (Ref. 2848, 81268, 81632, 101724). A narrow and ill-defined zone of greenish golden sheen immediately above an equally narrow but very distinct dark green longitudinal band just above the lateral line, from behind the operculum to the base of the caudal fin; the dark band terminates in a greenish black Y-shaped, triangular, or diamond-shaped spot, just in front of the caudal fin; the width of the golden zone varies with the illumination and the angle at which the fish is viewed; sometimes it seems to expand so as to cover and conceal the blackish green band; a fine black line along the base of the anal fin; fins colourless; posterior part of caudal fin base with an orange hue; caudal fin yellowish orange (Ref. 81632, 101724). The eyes reflect light with a conspicuous glimmer; dorsal part of iris orange, ventral part white and pupil black (Ref. 81632, 101724). Digestive system visible, owing to the transparency of the sides below lateral line (Ref. 81632).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81268&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Denticipitidae. p. 122-124. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81268)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://oceans.ubc.ca/maria-lourdes-deng-palomares/' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Maria Lourdes D. Palomares</agent>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 23 - 27; Vertebrae: 39 - 41</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81268&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Denticipitidae. p. 122-124. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81268)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-4527</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Tess Cruz</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1992-02-11 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2018-08-20 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4527</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Africa:  in West Africa from Ouémé River basin to Niger Delta (Ref. 81268), Cross River (Ref. 85170) and Mungo River in Cameroon (Ref. 81632).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81268&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Denticipitidae. p. 122-124. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81268)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-4527</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.africamuseum.be#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Gert Boden</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2015-06-01 16:10:26</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>clupeoides</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Found in streams with water of low ionic content; it always occurs in shoals that tend to keep to the middle of the stream, where the current is at its strongest (Ref. 81632, 101724). It is a skilled and untiring swimmer, extremely fast and hence not easily caught (Ref. 81632, 101724).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81632&amp;speccode=4527'>Vreven, E.J. and G.G. Teugels 2007 Denticipitidae. p. 205-208. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 800 pp. (Ref. 81632)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-4527</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-07-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4527</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>15.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 81268))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81268&amp;speccode=4527'>Teugels, G.G. 2003 Denticipitidae. p. 122-124. In D. Paugy, C. Lévêque and G.G Teugels (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of West Africa Volume 1. Coll. faune et flore tropicales 40. Institut de recherche de développement, Paris, France, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royal de l'Afrique Central, Tervuren, Belgium, 457p. (Ref. 81268)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-4527</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Tess Cruz</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-07-10 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4527</dc:source>
	<dc:description>pelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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